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In , assignment is used to assign values to a variable. In this section, we will discuss the .

The is the combination of more than one operator. It includes an assignment operator and arithmetic operator or bitwise operator. The specified operation is performed between the right operand and the left operand and the resultant assigned to the left operand. Generally, these operators are used to assign results in shorter syntax forms. In short, the compound assignment operator can be used in place of an assignment operator.

For example:

Let's write the above statements using the compound assignment operator.

Using both assignment operators generates the same result.

Java supports the following assignment operators:

Catagories Operator Description Example Equivalent Expression
It assigns the result of the addition. count += 1 count = count + 1
It assigns the result of the subtraction. count -= 2 count = count - 2
It assigns the result of the multiplication. price *= quantity price = price * quantity
It assigns the result of the division. average /= number_of_terms average = number_of_terms
It assigns the result of the remainder of the division. s %= 1000 s = s % 1000
It assigns the result of the signed left bit shift. res <<= num res = res << num
It assigns the result of the signed right bit shift. y >>= 1 y = y >> 1
It assigns the result of the logical AND. x &= 2 x = x & 2
It assigns the result of the logical XOR. a ^= b a = a ^ b
It assigns the result of the logical OR. flag |= true flag = flag | true
It assigns the result of the unsigned right bit shift. p >>>= 4 p = p >>> 4

Using Compound Assignment Operator in a Java Program

CompoundAssignmentOperator.java

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Java Compound Assignment Operators

Java programming tutorial index.

Java provides some special Compound Assignment Operators , also known as Shorthand Assignment Operators . It's called shorthand because it provides a short way to assign an expression to a variable.

This operator can be used to connect Arithmetic operator with an Assignment operator.

For example, you write a statement:

In Java, you can also write the above statement like this:

There are various compound assignment operators used in Java:

Operator Meaning
+= Increments then assigns
-= Decrements then assigns
*= Multiplies then assigns
/= Divides then assigns
%= Modulus then assigns
<<= Binary Left Shift  and assigns
>>= Binary Right Shift and assigns
>>>= Shift right zero fill and assigns
&= Binary AND assigns
^= Binary exclusive OR and assigns
|= Binary inclusive OR and assigns

While writing a program, Shorthand Operators saves some time by changing the large forms into shorts; Also, these operators are implemented efficiently by Java runtime system compared to their equivalent large forms.

Programs to Show How Assignment Operators Works

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Or check our popular categories..., java – compound assignment operators(+=, -=, *=, /=) in java.

Java provides a set of operators to manipulate variables.

We can divide all the Java operators into the following groups:

  • Arithmetic Operators

Relational Operators

Bitwise operators, logical operators.

  • Assignment Operators

Miscellaneous Operators

Arithmetic operators:.

Arithmetic operators are used in mathematical expressions in the same way that they are used in algebra.

+ (Addition) Adds values on either side of the operator. A + B will give 30
– (Subtraction) Subtracts right-hand operand from left-hand operand. A – B will give -10
* (Multiplication) Multiplies values on either side of the operator. A * B will give 200
/ (Division) Divides left-hand operand by right-hand operand. B / A will give 2
% (Modulus) Divides left-hand operand by right-hand operand and returns remainder B % A will give 0
++ (Increment) Increases the value of operand by 1. B++ gives 21
— (Decrement) Decreases the value of operand by 1. B– gives 19

There are following relational operators supported by Java language. Assume variable A and B. A value is 20 and B value is 30

Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if yes then condition becomes true. (A == B) is not true
Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true. (A != B) is true.
Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.

 

(A > B) is not true.
Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. (A < B) is true.
Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. (A >= B) is not true.
Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. (A <= B) is true.
  • Java defines several bitwise operators, which can be applied to the integer types, long, int, short, char, and byte.
  • Bitwise operator works on bits and performs bit-by-bit operation.

Assume if a = 60 and b = 13; In binary format : a = 0011 1100 and b = 0000 1101

a&b = 0000 1100

a|b = 0011 1101

a^b = 0011 0001

~a = 1100 0011

Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands (A & B) will give 12 which is 0000 1100
Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either operand. (A | B) will give 61 which is 0011 1101
Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both. (A ^ B) will give 49 which is 0011 0001
Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has the effect of ‘flipping’ bits. (~A ) will give -61 which is 1100 0011 in 2’s complement form due to a signed binary number.
Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand. A << 2 will give 240 which is 1111 0000
Binary Right Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand. A >> 2 will give 15 which is 1111
Shift right zero fill operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand and shifted values are filled up with zeros. A >>>2 will give 15 which is 0000 1111

Assume Boolean variables A holds true and variable B holds false, then

Operator Description Example
&& (Logical AND operator) If both the operands are non-zero, then the condition becomes true. (A && B) is false
|| (Logical OR Operator) If any of the two operands are non-zero, then the condition becomes true. (A || B) is true
! (Logical NOT Operator) Use to reverses the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true then Logical NOT operator will make false. !(A && B) is true

Assignment Operators:

The assignment operators are supported by Java language.

Operator Description Example
=(Simple assignment operator) Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand. C = A + B will assign value of A + B into C
+=(Add AND assignment operator) It adds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left operand. C += A is equivalent to C = C + A
-=(Subtract AND assignment operator) It subtracts right operand from the left operand and assign the result to left operand. C -= A is equivalent to C = C – A
*=(Multiply AND assignment operator) It multiplies right operand with the left operand and assign the result to left operand. C *= A is equivalent to C = C * A
/=(Divide AND assignment operator) It divides left operand with the right operand and assign the result to left operand. C /= A is equivalent to C = C / A
%=(Modulus AND assignment operator) It takes modulus using two operands and assign the result to left operand. C %= A is equivalent to C = C % A
<<= Left shift AND assignment operator. C <<= 2 is same as C = C << 2
>>= Right shift AND assignment operator. C >>= 2 is same as C = C >> 2
&= Bitwise AND assignment operator. C &= 2 is same as C = C & 2
^= bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator. C ^= 2 is same as C = C ^ 2
|= bitwise inclusive OR and assignment operator. C |= 2 is same as C = C | 2

There are few other operators supported by Java Language.

  • Conditional Operator ( ? : )
  • Conditional operator is also known as the ternary operator.
  • This operator consists of three operands and is used to evaluate Boolean expressions.
  • The goal of the operator is to decide, which value should be assigned to the variable.

The operator is written as: variable x = (expression) ? value if true : value if false

instanceof Operator

  • This operator is used only for object reference variables.
  • The operator checks whether the object is of a particular type (class type or interface type).

instanceof operator is written as: ( Object reference variable ) instanceof (class/interface type)

  • If the object referred by the variable on the left side of the operator passes the IS-A check for the class/interface type on the right side, then the result will be true.
  • Arithmetic Compound Assignment Operators In Java

Consider General Syntax: num1 = num1 + 2 Now after using arithmetic Compound Assignment Statement , Equivalent Statement for above statement is written as: num1 += 2

  • Step 1 : Write Statement (With using Arithmetic Operator inside Two Operands)
  • Step 2 : Write Arithmetic Operator before Assignment Sign.
  • Step 3 : Remove First Operand which is same as “Left Value”.
  • Step 4 : We will get Arithmetic Compound Assignment Statement Expression.

compound assignment operators java

Arithmetic Compound Assignment Operators

Operator Use of operator
n1 += 2 n1 = n1 + 2
n1 -= 2 n1 = n1 – 2
n1 *= 2 n1 = n1 * 2
n1 /= 2 n1 = n1 / 2
n1 %= 2 n1 = n1 % 2

OUTPUT: a = 5 b = 5 c = 0

Explanation :

  • We have used multiplication Operator inside Expression.
  • Multiplication Operator have High Priority than Compound Assignment.
  • It will be executed first and after completing multiplication , Value is Added with “a”.

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  • Java Assignment Operators

Dive into the captivating world of Java assignment operators, an essential part of any programmers' toolkit. This guide provides both novices and experts with a comprehensive exploration of Java assignment operators, from understanding their fundamentals to maximizing efficiency and avoiding common pitfalls in their usage. Delve into the practical applications of these operators, before learning to utilise compound and augmented operators for effective programming. This invaluable resource ensures you'll improve your code quality, boost your efficiency, and confidently navigate the labyrinths of Java programming.

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What are compound assignment operators in Java?

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Understanding Java Assignment Operators

Java assignment operator is used to assign value to the variables.

What is an Assignment Operator in Java?

Fundamentals of java assignment operators.

Compound assignment operators are all about making your code more concise and readable. They perform an operation and an assignment in a single statement.

Types of Assignment Operators in Java

Detailing compound assignment operators java.

+= Add AND assignment operator
-= Subtract AND assignment operator
*= Multiply AND assignment operator
/= Divide AND assignment operator
%= Remainder AND assignment operator

Exploring Augmented Assignment Operator Java

The Augmented Assignment operators are another name for the compound assignment operators. They reduce errors and minimize the amount of code, making it more readable. For instance, instead of writing `a = a + b;` you shorten it to `a += b;`. Practice with these operators and you'll quickly find your Java code improving in clarity and efficiency.

Working with Java Assignment Operators

How do java assignment operators work, breaking down the mechanism of java assignment operators, practical uses of java assignment operators, illustrating java assignment operators usage in code, maximising efficiency with assignment operators in java, when to use which java assignment operator.

Compound Assignment Operators: These operators, such as +=, -=, *=, /=, and %=, perform an arithmetic operation and assignment in a single statement, making your code more streamlined and efficient.

Augmented Assignment Operators: These are essentially compound assignment operators. The term refers to the combination of binary operations and assignment in the same expression.

Utilizing Compound and Augmented Operators for Efficient Java Programming

Common mistakes to avoid with java assignment operators, improving code quality through correct java assignment operators usage, java assignment operators - key takeaways.

  • Java assignment operators are fundamental to programming in Java and are used to assign values to variables.
  • The assignment operator in Java is represented by the symbol '='. It assigns the value on its right side to the variable on its left side.
  • Compound assignment operators in Java, such as '+=', '-=', '*=', '/=', and '%=', perform an arithmetic operation and assignment in a single statement, making code more streamlined and efficient.
  • Augmented assignment operators are essentially compound assignment operators. They reduce the amount of code and make it more readable.
  • Java assignment operators operate by fetching the value of the variable on the left side of the operator, carrying out a specified operation (in the case of compound assignment operators), and assigning the result back to the variable.

Flashcards in Java Assignment Operators 12

Compound assignment operators, such as +=, -=, *=, /=, and %=, perform an arithmetic operation and assignment in a single statement.

In Java, compound assignment operators are also called Augmented Assignment operators.

The '+=', operator in Java is an 'add AND assign' operator. For example, if 'a = 10' and you write 'a += 20', it adds 20 to a, so 'a' becomes 30.

Compound assignment operators in Java perform an operation and an assignment in a single statement, making the code more concise and readable. Examples include += (add AND assign) and -= (subtract AND assign).

First, fetch the value of the variable on the left side of the operator. Second, carry out a specified operation using this value and the value on its right (in the case of compound assignment operators). Lastly, assign the result back to the variable.

The code initializes 'a' to 5. Then 'a += 3;' changes 'a' to 8. 'a -= 2;' reduces 'a' to 6. 'a *= 4;' turns 'a' into 24. 'a /= 8;' changes 'a' to 3. Finally, 'a %= 2;' gives 'a' the value of 1.

Java Assignment Operators

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Java Assignment Operators

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Assignment Operators in Programming

Assignment operators in programming are symbols used to assign values to variables. They offer shorthand notations for performing arithmetic operations and updating variable values in a single step. These operators are fundamental in most programming languages and help streamline code while improving readability.

Table of Content

What are Assignment Operators?

  • Types of Assignment Operators
  • Assignment Operators in C
  • Assignment Operators in C++
  • Assignment Operators in Java
  • Assignment Operators in Python
  • Assignment Operators in C#
  • Assignment Operators in JavaScript
  • Application of Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used in programming to  assign values  to variables. We use an assignment operator to store and update data within a program. They enable programmers to store data in variables and manipulate that data. The most common assignment operator is the equals sign ( = ), which assigns the value on the right side of the operator to the variable on the left side.

Types of Assignment Operators:

  • Simple Assignment Operator ( = )
  • Addition Assignment Operator ( += )
  • Subtraction Assignment Operator ( -= )
  • Multiplication Assignment Operator ( *= )
  • Division Assignment Operator ( /= )
  • Modulus Assignment Operator ( %= )

Below is a table summarizing common assignment operators along with their symbols, description, and examples:

OperatorDescriptionExamples
= (Assignment)Assigns the value on the right to the variable on the left.  assigns the value 10 to the variable x.
+= (Addition Assignment)Adds the value on the right to the current value of the variable on the left and assigns the result to the variable.  is equivalent to 
-= (Subtraction Assignment)Subtracts the value on the right from the current value of the variable on the left and assigns the result to the variable.  is equivalent to 
*= (Multiplication Assignment)Multiplies the current value of the variable on the left by the value on the right and assigns the result to the variable.  is equivalent to 
/= (Division Assignment)Divides the current value of the variable on the left by the value on the right and assigns the result to the variable.  is equivalent to 
%= (Modulo Assignment)Calculates the modulo of the current value of the variable on the left and the value on the right, then assigns the result to the variable.  is equivalent to 

Assignment Operators in C:

Here are the implementation of Assignment Operator in C language:

Assignment Operators in C++:

Here are the implementation of Assignment Operator in C++ language:

Assignment Operators in Java:

Here are the implementation of Assignment Operator in java language:

Assignment Operators in Python:

Here are the implementation of Assignment Operator in python language:

Assignment Operators in C#:

Here are the implementation of Assignment Operator in C# language:

Assignment Operators in Javascript:

Here are the implementation of Assignment Operator in javascript language:

Application of Assignment Operators:

  • Variable Initialization : Setting initial values to variables during declaration.
  • Mathematical Operations : Combining arithmetic operations with assignment to update variable values.
  • Loop Control : Updating loop variables to control loop iterations.
  • Conditional Statements : Assigning different values based on conditions in conditional statements.
  • Function Return Values : Storing the return values of functions in variables.
  • Data Manipulation : Assigning values received from user input or retrieved from databases to variables.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, assignment operators in programming are essential tools for assigning values to variables and performing operations in a concise and efficient manner. They allow programmers to manipulate data and control the flow of their programs effectively. Understanding and using assignment operators correctly is fundamental to writing clear, efficient, and maintainable code in various programming languages.

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Java - Compound Boolean Logical Assignment Operators

What are compound boolean logical assignment operators.

There are three compound Boolean logical assignment operators.

The operand1 must be a boolean variable and op may be &, |, or ^.

Java does not have any operators like &&= and ||=.

Compound Boolean Logical Assignment Operators are used in the form

The above form is equivalent to writing

The following table lists the compound logical assignment operators and their equivalents.

Expression is equivalent to
operand1 &= operand2 operand1 = operand1 & operand2
operand1 |= operand2 operand1 = operand1 | operand2
operand1 ^= operand2 operand1 = operand1 ^ operand2

For &= operator, if both operands evaluate to true, &= returns true. Otherwise, it returns false.

For != operator, if either operand evaluates to true, != returns true. Otherwise, it returns false.

For ^= operator, if both operands evaluate to different values, that is, one of the operands is true but not both, ^= returns true. Otherwise, it returns false.

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Understanding Java's Compound Assignment Operators Without Casting

Exploring the efficiency of java's compound assignment operators.

Java , a robust and widely-used programming language, offers a variety of operators to perform arithmetic and assignment operations efficiently. Among these, the compound assignment operators like +=, -=, *=, and /= stand out for their ability to simplify code readability and maintainability. These operators are more than just syntactic sugar; they embody the language's commitment to type safety while providing a shortcut for updating the value of variables. By merging an arithmetic operation with an assignment, they reduce the need for repetitive code and minimize potential errors.

However, a curious aspect of these operators is their ability to perform implicit casting, a feature not readily apparent to many developers. This implicit type conversion facilitates smoother code execution and reduces the need for explicit casting, particularly when dealing with numeric types of varying sizes. Understanding why Java's design allows for this implicit casting with compound assignment operators unveils deeper insights into the language's type system and its efforts to balance performance with user convenience.

Operator Description
+= Adds right operand to the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
-= Subtracts right operand from the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
*= Multiplies right operand with the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
/= Divides left operand by the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.

Insights into Java's Compound Assignment Operators

Java's compound assignment operators, such as +=, -=, *=, and /=, are not just convenient shorthand for performing arithmetic operations and assignments simultaneously; they also play a significant role in enhancing the readability and efficiency of the code. These operators inherently include an implicit cast, which allows for a smoother integration of different numeric types without the need for explicit casting by the developer. For instance, when performing an operation between a byte and an int using a compound assignment operator, Java automatically handles the type conversion, simplifying the code and reducing potential errors. This feature demonstrates Java's design philosophy, which aims to strike a balance between type safety and operational convenience, making it easier for developers to manage data type conversions in their applications.

The rationale behind the implicit casting feature of compound assignment operators lies in Java's strong type system, which is designed to prevent unintended type conversions that could lead to data loss or runtime errors. By incorporating implicit casting, Java ensures that operations involving different numeric types are handled as intuitively as possible, while still adhering to the language's strict type-checking rules. This design choice reflects a broader commitment to providing a language that is both powerful and user-friendly, allowing developers to focus on the logic of their applications rather than the intricacies of type conversions. Understanding these operators and their behavior is crucial for Java developers, as it not only aids in writing cleaner code but also in leveraging the language's features to their full potential.

Demystifying Java's Implicit Casting in Compound Assignments

Java Programming Insight

Enhancing Code Conciseness with Compound Operators

Java Code Simplification

Optimizing Variable Updates in Java

Streamlining Java Arithmetic

Efficient Division and Assignment in Java

Java Efficiency in Action

Delving Deeper into Java's Compound Assignment Operators

Java's compound assignment operators are a cornerstone feature for developers, aiming to streamline code execution and enhance clarity. These operators, including +=, -=, *=, and /=, intuitively combine arithmetic operations with assignment, thereby minimizing code verbosity and the potential for typographical errors. Their capability to perform implicit casting stands out, as it elegantly addresses Java's stringent type system without requiring explicit casts from developers. This implicit conversion facilitates smoother code development, especially when dealing with operations across different numeric types, such as combining integers with floating-point numbers, ensuring that Java remains both powerful and accessible to programmers.

Moreover, the design philosophy behind these operators reflects Java's commitment to type safety and operational efficiency. By automating type conversions within compound assignments, Java safeguards against common pitfalls associated with type mismatching, such as data loss or unexpected behavior, enhancing the overall robustness of the code. This feature underscores Java's balance between ease of use and rigorous type checking, allowing developers to focus more on logic and functionality rather than on the nuances of type compatibility. Understanding the intricacies of compound assignment operators and their implicit casting capabilities is invaluable for developers looking to leverage Java's full potential, ensuring that applications are not only efficient but also maintainable and error-free.

Common Questions on Java's Compound Assignment Operators

Question:  What are compound assignment operators in Java?

Answer:  Compound assignment operators in Java are special operators that combine arithmetic operations with assignment. They include +=, -=, *=, and /= among others.

Question:  Why don't Java's compound assignment operators require explicit casting?

Answer:  Java's compound assignment operators automatically handle type conversion, performing implicit casting when necessary, to streamline code and reduce the need for manual type conversions.

Question:  Can compound assignment operators be used with all data types?

Answer:  Compound assignment operators are primarily used with numeric data types, though they can also be applied to strings and other objects in certain contexts.

Question:  How do compound assignment operators improve code readability?

Answer:  By combining an arithmetic operation with an assignment in a single line, these operators reduce code verbosity and make the intention behind the code clearer.

Question:  Are there any potential pitfalls when using compound assignment operators?

Answer:  While compound assignment operators are generally safe, developers should be mindful of implicit casting, as it might lead to unexpected results when dealing with different numeric types.

Key Takeaways on Java's Compound Assignment Operators

The exploration of  Java's  compound assignment operators reveals a nuanced aspect of the language that blends efficiency with convenience. By allowing implicit casting,  Java  enables a seamless interaction between different numeric types, fostering a coding environment where developers can focus more on implementing logic rather than on managing type conversions. This design choice not only underscores  Java's  commitment to type safety but also its intention to simplify the developer's workload. The utility of these operators extends beyond syntax; they represent  Java's  philosophy of balancing performance with ease of use, making  Java  a preferred language for developers aiming for clean and efficient code. As such, understanding and utilizing these operators is pivotal for anyone looking to master  Java  programming, offering a glimpse into the thoughtful considerations behind the language's architecture.

https://www.tempmail.us.com/en/java/understanding-java-s-compound-assignment-operators-without-casting

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Java 复合赋值运算符

复合赋值运算符为分配算术或位运算符的结果提供了一种更简短的语法。它们在将结果分配给第一个操作数之前对两个操作数进行操作。

以下是java中所有可能的赋值运算符

所有复合赋值运算符的实现

解决复合赋值运算符的规则

在运行时,表达式以两种方式之一进行评估。这取决于编程条件。

  • 如果左边的操作数表达式不是一个数组访问表达式,那么。
  • 首先,左边的操作数被评估以产生一个变量。如果这个评估突然完成,那么赋值表达式也会因为同样的原因突然完成;右侧操作数没有被评估,也没有发生赋值。
  • 否则,左手操作数的值被保存,然后右手操作数被评估。如果这个评估突然完成,那么赋值表达式也会因为同样的原因突然完成,不会发生赋值。
  • 否则,左侧变量的保存值和右侧操作数的值被用来执行复合赋值运算符所指示的二进制操作。如果这个操作突然完成,那么赋值表达式也会因为同样的原因突然完成,不发生赋值。
  • 如果左手操作数表达式是一个数组存取表达式,那么。
  • 首先,对左手操作数组存取表达式的数组引用子表达式进行评估。如果这个评估突然完成,那么赋值表达式也会因为同样的原因突然完成;(左手操作数组访问表达式的)索引子表达式和右手操作数不被评估,也不会发生赋值。
  • 否则,左手操作数组访问表达式的索引子表达式被评估。如果这个评估突然完成,那么赋值表达式也会因为同样的原因突然完成,右侧操作数不被评估,也不发生赋值。
  • 否则,如果数组引用子表达式的值是空的,那么就不会发生赋值,并且抛出一个NullPointerException。
  • 否则,数组引用子表达式的值确实指的是一个数组。如果索引子表达式的值小于零,或者大于等于数组的长度,那么就不会发生赋值,并且会抛出ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException。
  • 否则,索引子表达式的值被用来选择由数组引用子表达式的值所引用的数组中的一个组件。这个组件的值被保存起来,然后对右边的操作数进行评估。如果这个评估突然完成,那么赋值表达式也会因为同样的原因突然完成,不会发生赋值。

例子 :用复合赋值运算符解决语句 的问题

我们都知道,每当我们将一个较大的值赋给一个较小的数据类型的变量时,那么我们必须执行显式的类型转换以获得没有任何编译时错误的结果。如果我们不执行显式类型转换,那么我们就会出现编译时错误。但在复合赋值运算符的情况下,内部将自动进行类型转换,即使我们将一个较大的值赋给一个较小的数据类型变量,但可能会有数据信息丢失的机会。程序员将不负责执行明确的类型转换。让我们看看下面的例子,看看普通赋值运算符和复合赋值运算符之间的区别。 形式为E1 op= E2的复合赋值表达式等同于E1 = (T) ((E1) op (E2)),其中T是E1的类型,只不过E1只被评估一次。

例如,下面的代码是正确的。

并导致x的值为7,因为它相当于。

因为这里的6.6是double,会自动转换为short类型,不需要明确的类型转换。

请参考:什么时候需要进行类型转换 ?

解释: 在上面的例子中,我们使用的是普通的赋值运算符。在这里,我们将一个int(b+1=20)值赋给字节变量(即b),这导致了编译时错误。这里我们必须进行类型转换以得到结果。

解释: 在上面的例子中,我们正在使用复合赋值运算符。这里我们将一个int(b+1=20)值赋给字节变量(即b),除此之外,我们得到的结果是20,因为在复合赋值运算符中,类型转换由编译自动完成。在这里,我们不需要做类型转换来得到结果。

参考资料: http://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se7/ html /jls-15. html #jls-15.26.2

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Using multiple compound assignments in a single expression

I am preparing for a Java exam and I am trying to understand operator precedence and compound assignment operators in depth. I played around with a few expressions which use compound assignment during the evaluation of an expression. However, I do not fully understand why these give the result that they do.

What I expected:

Instead, a = 54 is the answer. So during all three evaluations of "a *= 2", the old value of a is used instead, so the final answer is a = 3 * 3 * 3 * 2 = 54.

However, this expression behaves differently:

If here the old value of c was used we would end up with c = 101 and d = 108. Instead, we end up with c = 2 * 5 + 100 = 110; meaning that in each of those evaluations of "c *= ..", the new (updated) value of c was used each time.

Question: why in the first example the original value of a gets used in the compound assignments, but in the second example the updated value of c gets used?

  • operator-precedence
  • compound-assignment

Rauni Lillemets's user avatar

  • By the way, first example doesn't need braces, assignments are evaluated from right to left –  Vasily Liaskovsky Commented Jul 19, 2023 at 12:30
  • 1 This might be good fodder for an exam, and although these side effects can be handy at times they should be used judiciously as they can hide bugs that are hard to find. –  WJS Commented Jul 19, 2023 at 12:39
  • I completely agree, @WJS –  Rauni Lillemets Commented Jul 20, 2023 at 12:46

3 Answers 3

According to §15.26.2. Compound Assignment Operators :

At run time, the expression is evaluated in one of two ways. [...] the value of the left-hand operand is saved and then the right-hand operand is evaluated

This explains the behavior for the first expression.

According to §15.18. Additive Operators :

The additive operators have the same precedence and are syntactically left-associative (they group left-to-right).

And §15.7. Evaluation Order :

The Java programming language guarantees that the operands of operators appear to be evaluated in a specific evaluation order, namely, from left to right.

Thus, the second expression is evaluated from left to right and side effects of updating the variables occur in that order.

Unmitigated's user avatar

"... why in the first example the original value of a gets used in the compound assignments, but in the second example the updated value of c gets used?"

For the first example, it's because it's already trying to assign a , so any inner assignments would not apply.

"... So during all three evaluations of "a *= 2", the old value of a is used instead ..."

Correct.  You are expecting it to do something like this,

For the second example, it is able to assign c since they are not part of one assignment.

Reilas's user avatar

a doesn't get update early in first example because a += x is equivalent to a = a + x and a as first operand of binary + is evaluated before second operand thus keeping initial value. And this condition preserves through the chain.

Vasily Liaskovsky's user avatar

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compound assignment operators java

IMAGES

  1. Java Lesson 12

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  2. Compound Assignment Operators in Java

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VIDEO

  1. Java Compound Assignment Operators

  2. Day 10: Assignment and Compound Operators in Python Programming

  3. Assignment Operators

  4. #20. Assignment Operators in Java

  5. 1.5 Compound Assignment Operators

  6. #18. Arithmetic Operators in Java

COMMENTS

  1. Compound assignment operators in Java

    Compound-assignment operators provide a shorter syntax for assigning the result of an arithmetic or bitwise operator. They perform the operation on the two operands before assigning the result to the first operand. The following are all possible assignment operator in java: 1. += (compound addition assignment operator) 2. -= (compound subtraction assignment operator) 3. *= (compound ...

  2. Compound Assignment Operator in Java

    Compound Assignment Operator in Java with java tutorial, features, history, variables, object, programs, operators, oops concept, array, string, map, math, methods ...

  3. Assignment & Compound Assignment Operators in Java

    Welcome to our Java programming series! In this video, we'll explore assignment and compound assignment operators—two fundamental concepts in Java that are c...

  4. Why don't Java's +=, -=, *=, /= compound assignment operators require

    Compound assignment operators perform a narrowing conversion of the result of the binary operation, not the right-hand operand. So in your example, 'a += b' is not equivalent to 'a = a + (int) b' but, as explained by other answers here, to 'a = (int) (a + b)'.

  5. Java Assignment Operators with Examples

    Note: The compound assignment operator in Java performs implicit type casting. Let's consider a scenario where x is an int variable with a value of 5. int x = 5; If you want to add the double value 4.5 to the integer variable x and print its value, there are two methods to achieve this: Method 1: x = x + 4.5. Method 2: x += 4.5.

  6. Java Compound Assignment Operators (With Examples)

    Compound assignment operators in Java are shorthand notations that combine an arithmetic or bitwise operation with an assignment. They allow you to perform an operation on a variable's value and then assign the result back to the same variable in a single step.

  7. Java Compound Assignment Operators

    Java Compound Assignment Operators Java provides some special Compound Assignment Operators, also known as Shorthand Assignment Operators. It's called shorthand because it provides a short way to assign an expression to a variable. This operator can be used to connect Arithmetic operator with an Assignment operator. For example, you write a ...

  8. Java Compound Operators

    Compound operators, also called combined assignment operators, are a shorthand way to update the value of a variableThey are+= (addition)-= (subtraction)*= (...

  9. Java

    The basic arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /, and %) has a corresponding compound arithmetic assignment operator. A compound arithmetic assignment operator is used in the following form:

  10. compound assignment operators(+=, -=, *=, /=) in java

    JAVA - compound assignment operators (+=, -=, *=, /=) in java. Java provides a set of operators to manipulate variables. Arithmetic operators are used in mathematical expressions in the same way that they are used in algebra. Adds values on either side of the operator. Subtracts right-hand operand from left-hand operand.

  11. Arithmetic Compound Assignment Operators

    Java Compound Assignment Operators In this chapter you will learn: Arithmetic Compound Assignment Operators

  12. compound additive operator (+=) and Strings : Assignment Operators

    compound additive operator (+=) and Strings : Assignment Operators « Operators « SCJP SCJP Operators Assignment Operators public class MainClass{

  13. Java Assignment Operators: Compound & Usage

    Compound assignment operators in Java perform both the operation and assignment in a single statement, reducing coding efforts and improving readability. They can be used with most data types, including integers, double, float, and long.

  14. Assignment Operators in Programming

    Assignment operators are used in programming to assign values to variables. We use an assignment operator to store and update data within a program. They enable programmers to store data in variables and manipulate that data. The most common assignment operator is the equals sign (=), which assigns the value on the right side of the operator to ...

  15. Java

    There are three compound Boolean logical assignment operators. The operand1 must be a boolean variable and op may be &, |, or ^. Java does not have any operators like &&= and ||=. Compound Boolean Logical Assignment Operators are used in the form. The above form is equivalent to writing. The following table lists the compound logical assignment ...

  16. Understanding Java's Compound Assignment Operators Without Casting

    Java's compound assignment operators are a cornerstone feature for developers, aiming to streamline code execution and enhance clarity. These operators, including +=, -=, *=, and /=, intuitively combine arithmetic operations with assignment, thereby minimizing code verbosity and the potential for typographical errors.

  17. Java 复合赋值运算符

    Java 复合赋值运算符 复合赋值运算符为分配算术或位运算符的结果提供了一种更简短的语法。它们在将结果分配给第一个操作数之前对两个操作数进行操作。 以下是java中所有可能的赋值运算符 1. += (compound addition assignment operator) 2. -= (compound subtraction assignment operator) 3.

  18. Java Compound Assignment Operator precedence in expressions

    6. Take a look at the behaviour in JLS - Compound Assignment Operator. I'll quote the relevant two paragraphs here, just for the sake of completeness of the answer: Otherwise, the value of the left-hand operand is saved and then the right-hand operand is evaluated. If this evaluation completes abruptly, then the assignment expression completes ...

  19. java

    I am preparing for a Java exam and I am trying to understand operator precedence and compound assignment operators in depth. I played around with a few expressions which use compound assignment during the evaluation of an expression.