Water Resource Management
Nov 09, 2014
1.02k likes | 3.53k Views
Water Resource Management. Major Topics for this Week Nature and significance of water security at national and local scales The role of water allocation systems in minimizing conflict over use of water resources
Share Presentation
- water quality
- water resources
- virtual water
- water resource management
- total renewable water resource
Presentation Transcript
Water Resource Management Major Topics for this Week • Nature and significance of water security at national and local scales • The role of water allocation systems in minimizing conflict over use of water resources • The role of multiple levels of government, and of governance, in addressing local water quality problems • Resolving disputes related to water quality and quantity • Challenges over water governance
What is Water Security? • Means different things .. usually refers to threats to water use from overuse and contamination • Global Water Partnership 2000 definition: Water security means access to adequate quantities of water, of acceptable quality, for human and environmental uses • Involves issues of scale (global, international, national, regional, local), types of water uses, threats to wateravailability, transboundary conflict and uncertainty and variability in supply
Canada’s Water Resource Base • Immense and variable, like the size and diversity of Canada’s physical landscape • 600 mm (millimeters) annually in precipitation • 330 mm of this runs into rivers, streams, wetlands and groundwater = 105,000 cubic meters per second of discharge (which is 7 per cent of Earth’s total renewable water resource) • About 24 per cent of Canada’s land area is covered in freshwater • Canada has one-fifth (20 per cent) of the Earth’s total freshwater supply • So, we’ve got lots of water and we never have to worry about water security, right? …
Myth of Canadian Freshwater Abundance • The numbers are deceiving, leading us to believe Canada has plenty of water to spare • For example, only a tiny portion of the vast water supply of the Great Lakes—approximately 1 per cent—is renewed on an annual basis, the rest is left over from glaciation • Further, aggregate runoff and annual average data mask important spatial and temporal variability in water supplies: • 3500 mm of annual precipitation on Pacific coast • Only 500 mm on Prairies and in North) • Water is threatened by a wide range of human stresses such as overuse, pollution, and climate change
Water Use Distinguish between in-stream, withdrawal and consumption uses of water Canadians use 329 litres per day (among the highest in the world) Water intake varies across regions and by sector:
Water Abuse • Which is point source and which is non-point source? • Municipal sewage • Phosphorous in agricultural runoff • Industrial discharges, heavy metals and PCBs • Nitrogen from fertilizers and pesticides • Water-born diseases can be eliminated through modern water treatments techniques… Yet, deadly outbreaks still occur (like Walkerton (Ont.) in 2000; boil-water advisories are common) • Leaky underground storage tanks, chemical spills, and land use practices, impacts from intensive livestock operations • Climate change impacts on water quantity and quality…
Water Allocation Deciding who get to use scarce water resources has been a challenge for millennia But now, with population growth, industrialization, climate change and the need to protect ecosystem functions—the challenges are even greater Unfortunately, many water allocation systems were established during a time when demands were less severe than, or quite different from, what they are now. Updating those systems to reflect modern circumstances and needs can be challenging Allocation laws within jurisdictions vs between jurisdictions
Water & the Canada–US Border • 8,900kmCanada–US border,numeroussharedwaterbodies • Boundary Waters Treaty (1909) began with the Milk River allocation conflict, established the International Joint Commission (IJC) to investigate boundary waters issues • In 2005, Ontario, Quebec and 8 Great Lakes states sign an agreement to protect and conserve the waters of the GL basin • NAFTA agreement and bulk water exports: contentious issue? • Is water a tradable good (like automobiles and lumber)? • Bottled water is a tradable good, and what about water in its natural state? (NAFTA is not clear on this topic) • In 2000, IJC deemed NAFTA cannot force Canada to allow bulk water exports • In 2001 an act to amend the BWT was passed (in Canada)
What about International Trade in ‘Virtual’ Water? • Refers to the volume of water required to produce a commodity—that is, the water ‘embedded’ in the commodity. Examples: • 200 millilitres of milk has a virtual water content of 200 litres (How so?) • Cotton T-shirts contain 2000 litres of virtual water • Estimated international virtual water flows from 1997 to 2001 were 1,625 billion m3/year (Chapagain and Hoekstra 2008) • In the context of limited water resources, uncertainty around climate change impact, and intense competition for water, ‘virtual water exports’ in livestock exports using water-intensive irrigated feed may become a concern in future
Water Quality Management • Water quality is a function of physical, chemical and biological properties • Water quality is naturally variable, and human impacts are significant, measurable, preventable • What is ‘good’ water quality? Depends on the intended use, and acceptable level of risk to humans and aquatic systems • Boatable • Swimmable • Drinkable • Management of water quality involves all levels of government (national, provincial, municipal): complex & piecemeal laws across several jurisdictions
Toward Water Security • Integration is essential… water management is integratedwhen important links and relationships are acknowledged in the decisions that resource managers make about water • How surface and groundwater interact • How land and water interact • Maintaining purity of water, rather than only focusing on cleaning it • Governance matters… Governance refers to the processes by which societies make decisions—in this case, decisions about water (laws, policies, organizations, citizen actions, etc.) • E.g. Bi-national Great Lakes Water Quality Management • Long history of agreements • 360 chemicals (11 critical toxicants) found in Great Lakes • Refining ecosystem approach, pathways, aquatic health
Columbia River Treaty (Revisited) • Originally signed by Canada and USA in 1964 • Provided for building a number of dams for power and flood control • Treaty can be terminated as of 2024 with 10 yrs advance notice • Options for management are: • Continue the Treaty with the automatic change to “called upon” flood control • Terminate the treaty, or • Negotiate changes to the treaty that modify flood control and power obligations and/or create new provisions for other benefits, especially environmental objectives. • Final result ???
Owen’s Valley, California William Mulholland Chief, LA water department
Problems: unsustainable use of groundwater • Shortfalls in water often made up by tapping fossil water • Usually free to anyone who can afford to sink a borehole • Used copiously for irrigation in areas otherwise not suitable for crop production • Often extraction is subsidised by low cost energy for pumping, credits for installing wells • Water level drops if rate of extraction exceeds recharge • Major problem in Punjab (India), Northern China, USA (Ogallala Aquifer), Australia, Middle East
Ogallala Aquifer WYOMING SOUTH DAKOTA • Aquifer formed around 20 million years ago • Most of the water is fossil water – some is millions of years old • Irrigates 20% of all US cropland • Total drawdown around 30 km3/year • Recharge is negligible (0 – 150mm/year) • Falling at 2 metres per year • Many wells expected to dry up or be uneconomic to pump by 2050 NEBRASKA KANSAS COLORADO OKLAHOMA NEW MEXICO TEXAS Kilometers Less than 61 meters (200 ft) 0 160 61-183 meters (200-600 ft) More than 183 meters (600 ft)
- More by User
Integrated Water Resource Management Project
385 views • 16 slides
Leading the way in water-resource management
WATER. W ater A vailability T ool for E nvironmental R esources.
153 views • 2 slides
ENTEBBE MUNICPAL COUNCIL WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
ENTEBBE MUNICPAL COUNCIL WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT. Semakula Samson Agricultural Officer Desk Officer ICLEI, Entebbe Municipal Council. BACKGROUND TO ENTEBBE MUNICPALITY . LOCATION : 00 04 N and 32 E, 37 Km South West of Kampala the capital city of Uganda.
319 views • 19 slides
Water Resource Management in Rwanda “ Everybody's business”
Water Resource Management in Rwanda “ Everybody's business” . Rwanda Water Partnership 25 April 2012. Trends in Rwanda. Increased demand (irrigation/drinking) Ecological degradation (erosion, deforestation) Flooding Drought Water contamination (mines, agro-chemicals)
230 views • 0 slides
Water Resource Economics
Water Resource Economics. Water Resources Planning and Management Daene C. McKinney. Consumers. Purchase “ goods ” and “ services ” Have “ preferences ” expressed by “ utility ” function. Good 2. Good 1. Consumer ’ s Budget.
1.05k views • 27 slides
Water Resource Management “Uganda’s Experience”
ITU Workshop on “ICT as an Enabler for Smart Water Management ” (Luxor, Egypt, 14-15 April 2013). Water Resource Management “Uganda’s Experience”. Nakiguli Helen Cynthia, Environment Management Specialist, Uganda Communications Commission (UCC), [email protected]. Content .
436 views • 12 slides
WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ARTICLE REVIEW
WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ARTICLE REVIEW. By Allison Richards For EVPP 652: The Hydrosphere Course April 24, 2012. Article. Integrated water resource management of overexploited hydrogeological systems using Object-Oriented Bayesian Networks
425 views • 16 slides
THE WATER RESOURCE
THE WATER RESOURCE. BY :. Valentina M ira Valentina Osorio Andreinna Rizzetto . DEFINITION OF WATER .
454 views • 29 slides
Sustainable Regional Water Resource Management
Sustainable Regional Water Resource Management. By: Tucson Regional Water Coalition and Southern Arizona Leadership Council. SUMBER: www.g-a-l.info/Shoopman.ppt. MISSION STATEMENT.
316 views • 17 slides
Draft Tuvalu Integrated Water Resource Management Plan
Draft Tuvalu Integrated Water Resource Management Plan. Paulson Panapa Ministry of Public Utilities & Industries. OVERVIEW OF PRESENTATION. Introduction History & Evolution of the IWRM Plan Structure of the Draft IWRM Plan IWRM Plan Objectives
313 views • 12 slides
Data for Water Resource Management
Data for Water Resource Management. Module 14, part A – Data types and sources. Data for Water Resource Management. Data types and sources Data standards Searching for and Retrieving data. Federal Sources of data: Public agencies. EPA U. S. Environmental Protection Agency USGS
578 views • 33 slides
Water Resource
Water Resource. Total Withdrawal: 134,000 Mgal/day Surface water : 63% Groundwater: 37% Irrigation Use: 39% of all freshwater withdrawal. Total withdrawal increased from 1950 to 1980 and has held steady since then although population has increased by 16%
402 views • 21 slides
Water Resource Management in North Carolina
Water Resource Management in North Carolina. Mitch Peele Sr. Director of Public Policy NC Farm Bureau. September 26, 2008. Presentation Overview. Overview of what is currently required Statements concerning ag water use Summary of Governor’s drought bill
288 views • 15 slides
ATWARM Advanced Technologies for Water Resource Management
ATWARM Advanced Technologies for Water Resource Management. Next Generation Autonomous Analytical Platforms for Remote Environmental Monitoring Generation of Fully Functioning Biomimetic Analytical Platforms for Water Quality M. Czugala, F. Benito-Lopez and D. Diamond
146 views • 1 slides
Maximising benefits from MDB water resource management
Maximising benefits from MDB water resource management. Jeff Connor, Onil Banerjee, Darla Hatton MacDonald, Sorada Tapsuwan, Mark Morrison*, Anthony Ryan. What are economics requirements of the MDBA plan?. Basin water management that:
252 views • 17 slides
WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT OF PAKISTAN
WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT OF PAKISTAN. IJAZ -UL-HASSAN KASHIF SMALL DAMS ORGANIZATION ISLAMABAD. INDUS RIVER BASIN FROM SPACE. WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT. Water Resources Management is the integrating concept for a number of water sub-sectors hydropower water supply and sanitation
1.84k views • 69 slides
Water Resource Management in Rwanda “ Everybody's business”. Rwanda Water Partnership 25 April 2012. Trends in Rwanda. Increased demand (irrigation/drinking) Ecological degradation (erosion, deforestation) Flooding Drought Water contamination (mines, agro-chemicals)
554 views • 33 slides
Issues in water resource management -- Property Rights
Issues in water resource management -- Property Rights. Nirmal Sengupta. Apart from their use as law, the property rights structure the belief systems of the people. both property law & beliefs dictates management of water resources. Types of property :. State Property
410 views • 26 slides
Data for Water Resource Management. Module 14, part C – Retrieving Data. Data types and sources Data standards Searching for and Retrieving data. NAWQA Windows to My Environment (WME) Storet NWI TRI State data Literature search. Data for Water Resource Management.
330 views • 20 slides
Community-Driven Water Resource Management (CDWRM)
Community–Driven Water Resource Management (CDWRM) Experiences from the SADC Region Jonathan Chisaka. Community-Driven Water Resource Management (CDWRM) This approach has been pilot tested in five SADC countries, supported by SADC Regional Water Sector Programme/DANIDA Malawi
347 views • 16 slides
ITU Workshop on “ICT as an Enabler for Smart Water Management ” (Luxor, Egypt, 14-15 April 2013). Water Resource Management “Uganda’s Experience”. Nakiguli Helen Cynthia, Environment Management Specialist, Uganda Communications Commission (UCC), [email protected]. Content. Introduction
183 views • 12 slides
Module 4 : Management of water resource systems
Training and Technology Transfer Workshop. 19 & 20 May 2014. Module 4 : Management of water resource systems. Contents. 1. Defining system operating rules 2. Practical considerations 3. Group discussion. 1. Defining system operating rules.
474 views • 44 slides
IMAGES
VIDEO