solar system essay in odia

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8 Planets Name in Odia and English

Solar System in Odia Language

Planets Name in Odia : You must have heard about the solar system, but do you know the names of the 9 planets of the solar system in odia language? If you do not know Planets Name in Odia and English, then there is nothing to worry about, in today’s article you are going to get complete information about the nine planets.

In which along with the solar system, we will also know about the universe. When we see these planets from Earth, they seem very small to us, but in reality the size of the planets is very big. Man is not even equal to the particle of any one planet. Let us tell you that astrology also works according to the planets.

Even today many people have very little basic knowledge about geography. Many times many questions related to the names of the solar system and planets also come in the exam. Tell the names of the planets, but they keep thinking about this question. Although usually the names of planets like Sun, Moon, Mercury, Mars etc. are also given.

8 Planets Name in Odia

But the names of 9 planets are not able to be told. Although there are currently 8 planets in the solar system, but there used to be 9 planets, in which the ninth house was Pluto. But it was removed from the list of planets, and placed in the list of Bone planets. At present, there are a total of 8 planets in the solar system.

Apart from all this information, do you know, what is the Solar System (What Is Solar System in Odia), how many planets are there in the Solar System (How Many Planets Are There in the Solar System), what are the planets (What are Planets) And what are the names of these planets in Odia and English, (All Planets Name in Odia and English with Pictures), so let’s know the information of all the planets in detail. I sincerely hope that if you read this post on the names of planets completely, then you will not need to read any other article.

By reading the names of 8 planets given here in Odia and English, you must have come to know which planets are there in the solar system. If someone asks you the Planets Name, then you can easily tell it. But apart from this, you have not yet seen the pictures of all these planets, and do not want to know about them in details, so let us know, what is the solar system, what is the planet, how many planets orbit the sun, and all the planets from the earth. All the information about the distance in detail in your mother tongue Odia –

What is the Planet in Odia (Graha Name in Odia)

The celestial bodies that revolve around a star are called planets. Just as the Sun is a star, and the celestial bodies revolving around it are planets. Planets are of different sizes. It revolves around a sufficiently fixed orbit distance due to the gravitation wall. There is no group of any other celestial body around them.

Mercury in Odia

• Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest of the 8 planets.
• The temperature fluctuates more on the planet Mercury than on all other planets, here the daytime temperature is −173 °C; −280 °F and daytime temperatures of around 427 °C, 800 °F.
• Mercury is a rocky body like the planet Earth, which is one of the four terrestrial planets in the Solar System.
• The planet Mercury is made up of about 70% metal and 30% silicate material. At the same time, it is smaller in size than the big satellites of the universe, Ganymede and Titan, but it is heavier than them in weight.
• The surface of the planet Mercury is more like concrete and stone, in addition to this, chlorine, sulfur are also included, its surface is like the moon. Which is light brown or gray in color.
• The seasons on Mercury do not change like Earth or other planets.
• The planet Mercury is visible in the sky of Earth in the morning and evening. But it cannot be seen at midnight.
• If the planet Mercury is seen from Earth, it will appear like a bright star or bright Vastu.
• The distance of the planet Mercury from the Sun is considered to be about 46,000,000 to 70,000,000 km. It takes 87.969 or (88 days) Earth’s day to make a complete revolution around the Sun.

Venus in Odia

• Venus is the second closest planet to the Solar System.
• The planet Venus was named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty. The pressure of the atmosphere on the surface of this planet is about 92 times greater than on the surface of the Earth.
• After the moon, the planet Venus is the most shining Vastu in the sky at night.
• This planet is brightest for only a short time before sunrise and after sunset. Because of which it is also called the morning and evening star by some ancient cultures.
• It is the hottest planet in the solar system, with a temperature of 462 °C.
• Venus is also known as a terrestrial planet. Due to its size, gravity, and texture, it has also been called the “sister planet” of Earth.
• Venus is the closest planet to Earth.
• A large amount of carbon dioxide is found on the planet Venus, besides it is covered with a transparent layer of sulfuric acid. Due to which the rays of space light cannot reach on it.
• Dry boulders are scattered on the surface of this planet, due to which Venus is also called dry desert, it is refreshed from time to time by volcanoes.
• The distance of Venus from Earth is 26 million miles, and its distance from the Sun is 67.2 million miles.
• It takes 224.7 Earth days for this planet to orbit the Sun. We can also do this in such a way that it takes a few hours less in 25 days for Venus to revolve around the Sun.

Earth in Odia

• The Sun is the third planet at the distance from the Earth, which is called the world. Apart from this, the earth is also called the blue planet.
• It is the only planet among the 8 planets of the solar system, where there is life.
• 71% of the earth is covered by water and 29% by land. The surface of the Earth is made up of different types of plates. A thick layer of ice is frozen at both its poles.
• Water is found naturally on earth in three states. In which water is found on earth through water vapor and clouds from the sky, in the ocean, through sea water, and through mountains and rivers.
• Earth also has a satellite, whose name is Moon.

Mars in Odia

• Mars has two satellites, named Phobos and Deimos. The size of both of them is irregular and small.
• Mars can be seen with the naked eye from the surface of the Earth. Although the planet Jupiter appears brighter and clearer than Mars, when we see it with the naked eye from Earth.
• The distance of the Sun from Mars is 250.61 million kilometers. The difference between a day on Mars and Earth is only a few minutes, a day on Earth is 24 hours, and a day on Mars is 24 hours and 37 minutes.

Jupiter in Odia

• Jupiter Jupiter is the largest planet in the Solar System and the fifth planet of the Sun.
• The planet Jupiter is a gaseous body, as you have already been told, that there are two types of planets, Gaseous and Virtual Planet or Virtual Planet. Jupiter comes in the list of gaseous planets.
• Jupiter has 79 natural satellites, of which the four largest satellites are also present on Jupiter itself.
• One of these is known as the Galilean satellite. It was discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1610. Apart from this, the largest satellite here is Ganymede, whose size is bigger than the planet Mercury.
• The distance of the planet Jupiter from the Sun is 77.80 million kilometers, it takes 11.86 years to make one complete revolution around the Sun.
• Due to the gravitational force of Jupiter being greater than that of other planets, its weight is about 318 times more than Earth. Whose size is 11 times more than the earth.

Saturn in Odia

• Saturn is the second largest planet in the Solar System after Jupiter and the sixth planet from the Sun.
• The distance of the Sun from Saturn is more than 1.4 billion kilometers. Due to which Saturn takes 10,759 Earth days i.e. about 30 years to make one complete revolution around the Sun.
• Saturn is a gaseous planet whose interior is made up of iron, silicon, oxygen, hydrozone, and thick rocks. Its outer layer is made of helium and hydrogen. Saturn’s atmosphere is always pale yellow, due to the presence of ammonia crystals in the planet’s upper atmosphere.

Uranus in Odia

• Uranus, or Uranus, is the seventh planet from the Sun. If we talk about its diameter, then it is the third largest planet in the solar system.
• Uranus is 63 times more massive than Earth, and it is 14.5 times more massive than Earth in mass.
• The planet Uranus was discovered by William Herschel on 13 March 1781. It was the first planet discovered by telescope.
• There are four gaseous planets in the solar system, whose crust is made of gases instead of clay, as well as their size is also very large. Uranus is also one of these gaseous planets.
• Frozen ice of ammonia and methane gases is present on the planet Uranus. Therefore, it has also been put in the list of “icy gas giant” among astronomical scholars.
• Uranus is the coldest planet in the solar system. Its minimum temperature has been measured up to -224° Centigrade. Arun is covered with many layers of Badlo, it is believed, that its top layer is of methane gas, and after that there is a cloud of water below. If we go to its center, then snow and stone can be seen here.
• Uranus is the planet of the solar system. This is because the planet is tilted about 82° on its axis.
• Because of which it appears to be taking.
• The planet Uranus has 27 natural satellites. Which revolves in the opposite direction of the earth.
• The color of the planet Uranus appears light green, this is due to the high amount of methane gas present on it.

Neptune in Odia

• Varuna Neptune is the eighth planet of the Solar System. It is slightly larger than its nearest planet, Uranus.
• The planet Varuna is the fourth largest planet in the solar system in size. And its mass is 17 times that of the planet Earth.
• Varuna is about 30 times farther from the Sun than Earth. It takes 164.79 years for Varuna to orbit the Sun.
• It is also a gaseous planet, gaseous planets are known as gas giants. Because their surface is not of clay but of gases. And their size is huge.
• The planets Uranus and Varuna are very similar to each other. The surface of the planets Uranus and Varuna has more ice frozen than Jupiter and Saturn. In which ammonia and methane gas are the main ones.
• Varuna was the first planet in the solar system that was predicted on the basis of mathematics without seeing it. This was because, when some strange movement was found in the orbit of the planet Uranus, then the scientists came to know that its nearest planet is exerting its gravitational effect on it.
• Scientists saw Varuna for the first time with a telescope on 23 September 1846, after doing a thorough exploration, and named it “Neptune”. In ancient India, it was called Varuna in Odia in place of Varuna Devta.
• In ancient Roman religion, “Neptune” was the god of the sea, due to which it is named “Neptune” in English.
• The change of season can be seen very clearly on the planet Varuna. Here the stormy winds are more intense than all the other planets. Whose speed has been seen up to 2100 per hour.
• Varuna has 13 natural known satellites, of which Triton, Daspina, and Thalesa are the main ones.

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Solar System Essay for Students and Children

500+ words essay on solar system.

Our solar system consists of eight planets that revolve around the Sun, which is central to our solar system . These planets have broadly been classified into two categories that are inner planets and outer planets. Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are called inner planets. The inner planets are closer to the Sun and they are smaller in size as compared to the outer planets. These are also referred to as the Terrestrial planets. And the other four Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are termed as the outer planets. These four are massive in size and are often referred to as Giant planets.

The smallest planet in our solar system is Mercury, which is also closest to the Sun. The geological features of Mercury consist of lobed ridges and impact craters. Being closest to the Sun the Mercury’s temperature sores extremely high during the day time. Mercury can go as high as 450 degree Celsius but surprisingly the nights here are freezing cold. Mercury has a diameter of 4,878 km and Mercury does not have any natural satellite like Earth.

Venus is also said to be the hottest planet of our solar system. It has a toxic atmosphere that always traps heat. Venus is also the brightest planet and it is visible to the naked eye. Venus has a thick silicate layer around an iron core which is also similar to that of Earth. Astronomers have seen traces of internal geological activity on Venus planet. Venus has a diameter of 12,104 km and it is just like Mars. Venus also does not have any natural satellite like Earth.

Earth is the largest inner planet. It is covered two-third with water. Earth is the only planet in our solar system where life is possible. Earth’s atmosphere which is rich in nitrogen and oxygen makes it fit for the survival of various species of flora and fauna. However human activities are negatively impacting its atmosphere. Earth has a diameter of 12,760 km and Earth has one natural satellite that is the moon.

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Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and it is often referred to as the Red Planet. This planet has a reddish appeal because of the iron oxide present on this planet. Mars planet is a cold planet and it has geological features similar to that of Earth. This is the only reason why it has captured the interest of astronomers like no other planet. This planet has traces of frozen ice caps and it has been found on the planet. Mars has a diameter of 6,787 km and it has two natural satellites.

It is the largest planet in our solar system. Jupiter has a strong magnetic field . Jupiter largely consists of helium and hydrogen. It has a Great Red Spot and cloud bands. The giant storm is believed to have raged here for hundreds of years. Jupiter has a diameter of 139,822 km and it has as many as 79 natural satellites which are much more than of Earth and Mars.

Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. It is also known for its ring system and these rings are made of tiny particles of ice and rock. Saturn’s atmosphere is quite like that of Jupiter because it is also largely composed of hydrogen and helium. Saturn has a diameter of 120,500 km and It has 62 natural satellites that are mainly composed of ice. As compare with Jupiter it has less satellite.

Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun. It is the lightest of all the giant and outer planets. Presence of Methane in the atmosphere this Uranus planet has a blue tint. Uranus core is colder than the other giant planets and the planet orbits on its side. Uranus has a diameter of 51,120 km and it has 27 natural satellites.

Neptune is the last planet in our solar system. It is also the coldest of all the planets. Neptune is around the same size as the Uranus. And it is much more massive and dense. Neptune’s atmosphere is composed of helium, hydrogen, methane, and ammonia and it experiences extremely strong winds. It is the only planet in our solar system which is found by mathematical prediction. Neptune has a diameter of 49,530 km and it has 14 natural satellites which are more than of Earth and Mars.

Scientists and astronomers have been studying our solar system for centuries and then after they will findings are quite interesting. Various planets that form a part of our solar system have their own unique geological features and all are different from each other in several ways.

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• School Education /

Essay on Solar System for School Students

• Updated on  
• Dec 23, 2023

Essay on Solar System: Our solar system consists of one Sun and eight (formerly nine) planets. These eight planets are gravitationally bound by the Sun on their orbits. Apart from these eight planets, there are more than 210 known planetary satellites, asteroids, comets, and other icy bodies that are assembled in the Solar system. 

The first four planets are called terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars) the two gas planets (Jupiter and Saturn), and the other remaining ones are ice giants (Neptune and Uranus.)

Table of Contents

• 2 Inner Planets (Terrestrial Planets):
• 3 Outer Planets (Gas Giants)
• 5 FAQs 

Learn about the smallest planet in our solar system

The Sun is the primary source of light and energy and is about 93 million miles from the Earth. It is the only star in our solar system and one of the more than 100 billion stars in the Milky Way. The surface of the Sun is about 5,500 degrees Celsius (10,000 degrees Fahrenheit) hot and the temperature reaches 15 million Celsius (27 million Fahrenheit). 

In terms of age and size, the Sun is 4.5 billion years old, composed of hydrogen and helium with a diameter of about 865,000 miles which is approximately 1.4 million kilometres. 

Inner Planets (Terrestrial Planets):

The planets that are made of rocks and metals are known as Inner Planets or Terrestrial Planets. These planets are comparatively small in size compared to the other outer planets. The description of these four planets is as follows:

1. Mercury—The Swift Planet

Mercury is the swiftest planet in our solar system which completes an orbit around the Sun in just 88 Earth days. Its proximity to the Sun contributes to extreme temperature variations, from scorching highs to freezing lows. 

With minimal atmosphere, Mercury lacks the protective blanket found on the Earth, exposing its surface to harsh solar radiation. 

2. Venus—The Evening Star or Morning Star

Venus, which is often referred to as the evening star or morning star, depends on its position relative to the Sun. When Venus is trailing the Sun, it is the evening star, visible after the sunset. Conversely, when ahead of the Sun, it is the morning star, appearing before sunrise. 

This dual identity arises from Venus´s orbit, positioning it closer to the Sun than Earth and causing varied visibility during different parts of the orbital journey. 

3. Earth—Blue Planet

The home planet to all living things is Earth. It is the only planet that is known for the existence of life. 

The surface of the Earth is made up of the crust, the core, and the mantle. It is a giant rocky planet with a circumference of about 40,075 kilometers; 71 percent or ¾ th of the Earth is covered with oceans and seas. A large area covered with water makes this planet a Blue Planet. 

4. Mars—Red Planet

The fourth planet of the solar system, Mars, is the most explored planet by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA.) The reason behind so many missions or research for Mars is to hope for the existence of extraterrestrial life on the planet. 

Apart from the possibility of life on Mars, the planet is also known for its presence of iron oxide that turns the planet reddish in appearance. 

Want to know more about our Planet Earth? Read Essay on Earth for more information.

Outer Planets (Gas Giants)

5. Jupiter—King of Planets

Jupiter is the first planet of our solar system in the category of outer planets, also known as gas giants. According to NASA, the U.S. government agency, the planet’s size is more than twice that of all other planets combined. 

Except for Jupiter’s size, the solar system’s first outer planet is made up of leftover gases from the formation of the Sun. 

6. Saturn—Ringed Planet

The sixth planet from the Sun is Saturn. It is also known as the ringed planet and the second-largest solar system planet. 

The three distinctive features that make Saturn different from other planets are its huge 145 moons, visibility from the Earth with the naked eye, and the seven main rings named D, C, B, A, F, G, and E from the outward side of the planet. 

7. Uranus—Ice Giant

The seventh planet from the Sun, Uranus, is one of the two ice giants in the list of the outer solar system. The planet is featured with the third largest diameter which makes the planet the third largest in the solar system. 

Other than massive size, Uranus is made up of three dense icy materials, methane, ammonia, and water – above all a small rocky core. 

8. Neptune—Blue Giant

The third largest and eighth planet of the solar system is Neptune. According to NASA, the farthest planet from the Sun is more than 17 times Earth’s size and nearly 58 times the dimensions of Earth’s volume. 

The cool blue planet, due to the absorption of infrared light by the planet’s Methane atmosphere, comprises a core with the capacity to pick up a lot of gas, making Neptune impossible for the existence of life. 

Also Read: Essay on Space Exploration

Our Solar system is incomplete without the Moon, a planetary large natural object that travels around the Earth. However, the Moon does not make its light but it reflects the light of the sunlight. 

The total number of moons in our Solar system is 290, out of which one Moon belongs to Earth, two to Mars, 27 to Uranus, 95 to Jupiter, 146 to Saturn, 5 to dwarf planet Pluto, and 14 to Neptune.

The solar system consists of the Sun, terrestrial planets, gas giants, Earth’s Moon, celestial bodies , and various other objects. The unique formation and dynamics continue to amaze scientists offering a glimpse into the vastness and beauty of our cosmic neighbourhood. 

Also Read: How to Prepare for UPSC in 6 Months?

Ans: The Nebular Theory, which states that the solar system is made up of interstellar clouds of dust and gas, is the best theory for the solar system.

Ans: Arybhatta, the mathematician and astronomer was the first to discover that the Earth revolves around the Sun. 

Ans: There is only one solar system in the universe. 

Ans: Our solar system consists of only stars and we know it as The Sun. 

Ans: The size of the solar system is almost 12 trillion miles, nearly 2 light years. 

Related Articles: 

For more information on such interesting topics, visit our essay writing page and follow Leverage Edu .

Deepika Joshi

Deepika Joshi is an experienced content writer with educational and informative content expertise. She has hands-on experience in Education, Study Abroad and EdTech SaaS. Her strengths lie in conducting thorough research and analysis to provide accurate and up-to-date information to readers. She enjoys staying updated on new skills and knowledge, particularly in the education domain. In her free time, she loves to read articles, and blogs related to her field to expand her expertise further. In her personal life, she loves creative writing and aspires to connect with innovative people who have fresh ideas to offer.

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• Essay On Solar System

Essay on Solar System

500+ words essay on solar system.

The Sun and all other planets and celestial bodies that revolve around it are together called a solar system. Our solar system consists of eight planets and an asteroid belt. These planets are termed inner and outer planets. Earth, Venus, Mercury and Mars are considered inner planets closer to the Sun and smaller, also known as terrestrial planets. The remaining four planets, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, are outer planets that are massive and termed giant planets.

This essay will discuss our solar system and give a detailed summary of the eight planets.

Planets are large celestial bodies that revolve around the Sun in fixed orbits. They don’t have their own lights and use the Sun’s light to reflect light. As stars, planets don’t twinkle because they are closer to us. The planets Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, remain in the inner solar system, and the outer solar system planets are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Among all the planets, Earth is the only planet where life exists.

Satellites are objects that revolve around the Sun. Satellites can be categorised into two types – natural and man-made. For example, the Moon is a natural satellite that revolves around the Earth.

Man-made Satellite

Man-made satellites are artificial satellites sent to space to gather information about other planets. The first artificial satellite sent by India into space is Aryabhatta.

Asteroids are small, rocky objects that revolve around the Sun. Most asteroids are made of different rocks, but some have clays or metals, such as nickel and iron. Asteroids have irregular shapes and are not round-like planets.

Comets are irregularly shaped bodies composed of non-volatile grains and frozen gases. For example, Haley’s comet is a comet that occurs once every 76 years.

Dwarf planets

Dwarf planets are heavenly bodies that are too small to be considered a planet but too large to fall under smaller categories. Example: Pluto

Our Solar System

The nearest and the smallest planet in our solar system is Mercury. The planet is hidden under the Sunlight, which can only be seen before sunrise or sunset.

Venus is the closest and brightest planet in our solar system other than the Sun and the Moon. It is known as the morning and evening star because it appears in the eastern sky before Sunrise and in the western sky after sunset.

In our solar system, the Earth is the only planet that favours life. On this planet, life is possible because of conditions like water and atmosphere and the favourable distance from the Sun. The Earth’s rotation of axis is tilted, due to which we witness seasonal changes, and the Moon is the only natural satellite of planet Earth. From outer space, the colour of the Earth appears bluish-green as light from the landmass and water bodies gets reflected.

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. It is often called the “Red Planet” because the reddish iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives it a reddish appearance. Mars has two natural satellites.

Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. So big that it can accommodate 1300 piles of Earth. However, it is only 318 times heavier than Earth. Jupiter has at least 67 Moons. Jupiter has a big red spot, a gigantic one twice as wide as the Earth, that has been swirling for many years.

Saturn is the second-largest planet in our solar system. It is unique as it has thousands of beautiful rings. Saturn has numerous Moons.

Uranus and Neptune

Uranus rotates from west to east. Its axis has a huge tilt, making it look like it’s spinning on its side. Neptune is the eighth and farthest planet in our solar system. It has powerful winds, which are more potent than any other planet in the solar system.

Scientists and astronomers have been studying our solar system for centuries, and the findings are pretty interesting. Various planets that form a part of our solar system have their unique geological features, and all are different from each other in several ways. But, unfortunately, after years of exploration, the Universe has still more mysteries that are left unknown.

From our BYJU’S website, students can also access CBSE Essays related to different topics. It will help students to get good marks in their exams.

Frequently Asked Questions on Solar system Essay

Are there any other systems present in the universe.

Research has shown that there are several other systems existing in the universe other than our Solar system.

Does the solar system only consist of planets?

No, the solar system also consists of dwarf planets, asteroids, comets, etc.

Has the Solar system fully been discovered?

Although there are several types of research going on, there are still many undiscovered and unreachable regions of the Solar system.

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The Oriya Script: Origin, Development and Sources

According to the 2001 Census there are ca. 33 million native speakers of the Oḍiā (Oriya) language in India. This language belongs to the eastern group of Indo-Aryan family. As for the script used to write the Oḍiā language, it is one of the descendants directly from Brāhmī (ca. 3rd BCE), which is at the basis, through several intermediary stages of development, of all current forms of Indian writing. The current article briefly traces this development and gives an overview of the special characteristics of the Oḍiā script.

Related Papers

Dr. Subrat Prusty , Biswanandan Dash

Scripts have their own distinct function. Several authors have mentioned that the early development of all Indian scripts were either from Brāhmī or Kharoṣṭhī. The Brāhmī script was developed under Semitic influence around 7th c. BC and was originally written from left to right. Whereas the Kharoṣṭhī script whose direction of writing is in Aramaic, from right to left, came into being under Persian rule during the 5th c. BC in northwest of India. In the later centuries, Brāhmī gave rise to eight varieties of scripts from early Mauryas to Gupta ruling period which were employed for writing during 4th c. BC to the 6th c. AD. We know that the ancientness of the Indian language is being proved from its soil which says about two types of language form, i.e. spoken and written. The spoken form of language is expressed in two ways. One preserved through folk forms and the other preserved through cave and rock paintings. The songs sung at the time of birth, death and work conditions are preserved; stories were painted through cave paintings which represent the creativity of literature. The inhabitant of this land stated to drawn this language at about forty thousand years back in Upper Palaeolithic Period. There is a need to evaluate the new trend towards assigning a later date of origin for the Indian scripts in the light of broader historical and cultural prospective. After the discovery of extensive urban civilization in Indus Valley, some scholars indicate that the Indian Script is established around 2500 BC. Recent analyses of the signs available in the inscriptions have led several scholars to view that the language is not belong to Indo-European family, nor it is close to the Sumerians, Hurrians, or Elamite, nor it can be related to the structure of the Munda languages of modern India. Most probably it is a developed from Rock Art which found in various part of India. This paper critically reviews the historical and contemporary ideologies on the origin and development of Indian scripts and establishes that the Indian scripts are mostly and clearly related to the cave arts as existed in our primitive to modern Indian architecture. So it implies that the Cave arts are the forerunners of Indian Scripts.

Dr. Subrat Prusty

Scripts have their own distinct function. Several authors have mentioned that the early development of all Indian scripts were either from Brāhmī or Kharoṣṭhī. The Brāhmī script was developed under Semitic influence around 7th c. BC and was originally written from left to right. Whereas the Kharoṣṭhī script whose direction of writing is in Aramaic, from right to left, came into being under Persian rule during the 5th c. BC in northwest of India. In the later centuries, Brāhmī gave rise to eight varieties of scripts from early Mauryas to Gupta ruling period which were employed for writing during 4th c. BC to the 6th c. AD. We know that the ancientness of the Indian language is being proved from its soil which says about two types of language form, i.e. spoken and written. The spoken form of language is expressed in two ways. One preserved through folk forms and the other preserved through cave and rock paintings. The songs sung at the time of birth, death and work conditions are preserved; stories were painted through cave paintings which represent the creativity of literature. The inhabitant of this land stated to drawn this language at about forty thousand years back in Upper Palaeolithic Period. There is a need to evaluate the new trend towards assigning a later date of origin for the Indian scripts in the light of broader historical and cultural prospective. After the discovery of extensive urban civilization in Indus Valley, some scholars indicate that the Indian Script is established around 2500 BC. Recent analyses of the signs available in the inscriptions have led several scholars to view that the language is not belong to Indo-European family, nor it is close to the Sumerians, Hurrians, or Elamite, nor it can be related to the structure of the Munda languages of modern India. Most probably it is a developed from Rock Art which found in various part of India. This paper critically reviews the historical and contemporary ideologies on the origin and development of Indian scripts and establishes that the Indian scripts are mostly and clearly related to the cave arts as existed in our primitive to modern Indian architecture. So it implies that the Cave arts are the forerunners of Indian Scripts. Keywords: Indian Scripts, Brāhmī, Kharoṣṭhī, Indus Valley Scripts, Cave Arts, Odisha Rock Art Scripts, Indian Architecture.

nidhi bansal

Acta Linguistica Asiatica

Krishna Kumar Pandey

Current research exploits the orthographic design of Brahmi-derived scripts (also called Indic scripts), particularly the Devanagari script. Earlier works on orthographic nature of Brahmi-derived scripts fail to create a consensus among epigraphists, historians or linguists, and thus have been identified by various names, like semi-syllabic, subsyllabic, semi-alphabetic, alphasyllabary or abugida. On the contrary, this paper argues that Brahmi-derived scripts should not be categorized as scripts with overlapping features of alphabetic and syllabic properties as these scripts are neither alphabetic nor syllabic. Historical evolution and linguistic properties of Indic scripts, particularly Devanagari, ascertain the need for a new categorization of its own and, thus preferably merit a unique descriptor. This paper investigates orthographic characteristics of the Brahmi-derived Devanagari script, current trends in research pertaining to the Devanagari script along with other Indic scrip...

Current research exploits the orthographic design of Brahmi-derived scripts (also called Indic scripts), particularly the Devanagari script. Earlier works on orthographic nature of Brahmi-derived scripts fail to create a consensus among epigraphists, historians or linguists, and thus have been identified by various names, like semi-syllabic, subsyllabic, semi-alphabetic, alphasyllabary or abugida. On the contrary, this paper argues that Brahmi-derived scripts should not be categorized as scripts with overlapping features of alphabetic and syllabic properties as these scripts are neither alphabetic nor syllabic. Historical evolution and linguistic properties of Indic scripts, particularly of Devanagari, ascertain the need for a new categorization of its own and, thus preferably merit a unique descriptor. This paper investigates orthographic characteristics of the Brahmi-derived Devanagari script, current trends in research pertaining to the Devanagari script along with other Indic scripts and the implications of these findings for literacy development in Indic writing systems. Keywords: orthography; Brahmi; Devanagari, akshara; alphasyllabary; alphabet

Franceschini, Marco, “History of Indic Scripts”, in S. Marchignoli (ed.), "Teaching and University Internationalization: The E-QUAL Project". Bologna: Bonomo Editore, 2018, pp. 67-115.

Marco Franceschini

The present study offers an introductory survey on the history of Indic scripts. It was prepared in the frame of the E-QUAL project, and it provided the narrative structure on which a Moodle module on the same topic was built by the present author. Basically, it focuses on the developments of the Indic scripts, from the time of their earliest available attestations up to the time when the major present-day (modern) scripts reached their current form. The study is organized in six chapters. The first chapter has a prefatory character, in that it offers a general contextualization of what will be covered in the following sections of the work: the general plan of the work is outlined, the basic concepts are defined, and the major phenomena connected with the history of the Indic scripts are presented. In chapters two through six, a chronological account of the development of the Indic scripts is given, from their earliest attestations up to their current form. Chapter six is followed by three additional sections (Appendices), each focusing on a specific topic, i.e. the languages used in Indian inscriptions, the Siddhamātṛkā script, and the typological classification of the Indic scripts.

Dhruva Ghosh

Sanskrit and Prakrits are derivatives of the Indo-Aryan family of languages, however their exact relationship is debated. The brahmin s, who followed the Vedas used Sanskrit as the language of their rites and rituals, and preferred keeping both Sanskrit and sacred and knowledge restricted to privileged caste groups. One way of ensuring this was strict oral transmission and the active discouragement of writing. By comparison, the sramanas such as Jains and Buddhists, who rejected the authority of the Vedas, preferred passing on religious insights and various forms of knowledge to the masses––Jain mythology puts great emphasis on essential equality of all people, and in one view, of all beings––and for this purpose they preferred Prakrits, since those languages were commonly understood. They also pioneered writing, and Prakrits are closely linked to the script called Brahmi. In India, sramanas , especially Jains, also helped in formalizing scripts for regional languages. Brahmi-derived scripts have been used for languages derived from Prakrit-Sanskrit and also have been adapted for languages with other origins, including the Dravidian, Austroasiatic, Sino-Tibetan, and various South East Asian groups of languages. Thus, sramanas have had an impact on most extant writing systems in South and South East Asia in direct or indirect ways.

Supriya Prasanta

India today is home to three types of widely-used scripts: 1-Brahmi-based Indic scripts; 2-Roman based systems used for writing Khasi, etc.; 3-Arabic and Persian based Nastaliq (Urdu) script. In addition to these, there are unexplored indigenous scripts, community scripts which are not available to wider audiences. Historically speaking, people of the Indus and Harappa civilizations also had an understanding of writing, but those writing systems have not been deciphered so far (See Kak 2007). There are no authentic records of the nature/names of scripts and languages that were taught as subjects or medium/mediums at the renowned educational institutions during the pre-Mauryan [pre-Ashoka] times at the places like Taxila, Sharada, Nalanda and so on. One of the Jataka-s informs/records that the Buddha was supposed to learn as many as sixty-four scripts. According to one theory, Brahmi is descended from the Indus-Saraswati script (See Kak. op.cit.). Brahmi script comes down to us from Ashokan inscriptions and stone engravings from the third century BCE. Kharoshthi, the other script used at that time, which was written from right to left has disappeared. Most of the Buddhist literature written in central Asia at that time used this script. A serious question to ponder is: Do Perso-Arabic and Nastaliq scripts share any structural-phonetic features with Kharashthi? Brahmi-based Indic scripts are written from left to right, the Roman script is also written from left to right. Nastaliq like its source Perso-Arabic is written from right to left. Indic scripts are alpha-syllabries or abugida where a consonant-letter except the anusvara and visarga, have a CV structure, the V in these consonant-letters is an 'a', which is deleted with the help of a diacritic mark called halanta. Deletion of the vowel 'a' in a vowel-sandhi [a-a] situation is denoted by avagraha-an elongated S like sign. The replacement of 'a' from a consonant-letter requires a matra-system in these writing systems. 'a', obviously, does not need a 'matra', all other vowel-letters need a matra. Hence, the writing system is called an alpha-syllabry or abugida. The Brahmi

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