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Chemistry writing guide, introduction, writing assignments, discipline-specific strategies, watch out for..., professor's comments and websites.

Writing in chemistry is similar to writing in other disciplines in that your paper must have a clear purpose that explains why you are writing, a thesis statement or main idea that defines the problem to be addressed, and background information wherever necessary. In addition, you should include evidence in the form of figures, graphs, and tables to support your argument.

You will be asked to write an abstract -- a single-spaced paragraph summary that briefly states the purpose of the experiment, important results (and how the results were obtained), and conclusions. Ideally, the abstract can be thought of as one or two sentences from each section of the paper that form a cohesive paragraph that summarizes the entire paper. The abstract should be single spaced unless you receive other instructions from your professor.

When writing an abstract, you should avoid too much experimental detail (e.g. concentration of stock solutions used) or preliminary results (i.e. "raw" data). In addition, make certain that the purpose of the experiment is stated clearly and early in the abstract. Ideally, it should be stated in the first or second sentence.

Lab Reports

There are six main sections in a chemistry paper: introduction, experimental section, results section, discussion section, conclusion, and list of references. As with most disciplines, the introduction should include your background knowledge of the experiment, including theory and past research, the relevance of your research, and the thesis statement. You may also state in your introduction any general conclusions you discovered, but try to avoid making your introduction longer than a page. The purpose of the introduction in a chemical journal is to provide (1) a literature review of what has been published on the subject to justify the importance of your research, (2) an explanation of any unusual experimental approaches, and (3) any background information or explanations that will help the reader understand your experiment and your results. Ultimately, the introduction should explain how the experimental approach you chose allows you to find the numerical or qualitative results you are looking for. For example, if you're going to determine if the substance you synthesized is a particular compound by examining its UV-Vis spectrum, you should find in the literature or a reference book the maximum wavelength of the compound and present it in the introduction. The experimental section focuses on the details of the experiment. Be certain to include enough information so that the reader could repeat the experiment and obtain similar results within the limits of uncertainty. The following should be addressed in this section: treatment of data (e.g. calculations or computations used to generate graphs) and an identification of instruments and sources of materials used (e.g. synthesized within the lab or bought from Aldrich, Sigma, or Fluka). For commercially available equipment, the manufacturer and the model should be mentioned (e.g. JASCO UV-Vis Spectrophotometer). The results section should include any figures, graphs, and tables that summarize the data. The material in this section should be presented in the order that best defends the thesis and the order in which they will be addressed in the discussion section. The order in which the data was collected is rarely important. For example, just because the data for graph N was collected before that of graph M does not mean that M shouldn't be presented first if it makes the presentation of data more coherent. In the results section, graphs are usually listed as figures. Tables are numbered and given specific titles (must include concentrations, volumes, etc.), which are placed at the top of the table. Figures (graphs or any other visuals) are numbered and given a caption, not a title. The caption should be several sentences long and explain what the figure is, what result is found from the figure, and the importance of the result. Captions are placed below the figure. For a results section, the text, tables, and figures should mirror each other. That is, the text must include all of the important information given in the graphs and tables, but in written form. If a table or figure is included in the report, it must be specifically referenced in the text as at the end of this sentence (Table 1). It might also be worthwhile to note that figures and tables are usually submitted to a journal and also to a professor with the tables and figures attached to the end of the report, not interspersed throughout the text. Journals insert your figures and tables according to their page format. In the discussion section, you should explain your results and observations and illustrate how they support your thesis, discuss any possible sources of error, and suggest potential future research stemming from your results. You may also want to mention any past research in the field that may pertain to your experiment's results.

Something to think about: results and discussion sections are often combined in chemical journals. In that case, each result is presented and then its relevance is explained. If you are writing a results section alone, you should only present, not interpret, your results. For example, a statement like, "The UV-Vis spectrum of the complex showed a peak at 291 nm" is a statement of your numerical result and is appropriate for a results section. A statement like, "The peak at 291 nm indicates that the complex changed conformation" is interpretive and belongs in a discussion section. Your conclusion should contain a brief summary of the paper and must state important results (e.g. yield of product) and assess the research with respect to the purpose. This section may be combined with the discussion section; that is, the last paragraph of the discussion section may act as a conclusion. In the reference section you must list all non-original sources used in the paper in the order in which they appear with the appropriate number. Citations should be made according to the format of the journal to which you will submit your paper. For a Swarthmore class, the Journal of the American Chemical Society format is appropriate. Unlike other disciplines, citations in a chemistry paper are usually not in-text or parenthetical, but incorporated using superscripts as at the end of this sentence. 1 It is sometimes appropriate in a discussion section to refer to other researchers by name and end the sentence with a reference. For example, "Khmelnitksy, et al. found that trypsin denatures in 2-propanol." 2

• Chemistry papers should be written in passive voice (unless you receive other instructions from your professor).
• Abbreviations or acronyms must be explained the first time they are used.
• Figures, graphs, and tables must be titled and referenced in the text.
• References (including textbooks and lab manuals) must be cited and numbered consecutively with the superscript number corresponding to that reference in the reference section of the paper. The use of superscript suffices as the mode of reference because it eliminates the need for in-text citations and footnotes.

I. Organization: As for all lab reports, chemistry reports are very structured and must be highly organized in a logical way. Organization of results is especially important. Your results and discussion sections, as well as tables and figures, should be organized in a way that leads the reader to draw the same conclusion that you did based on your data. Don't just tack on a graph at the end of the paper or arbitrarily put your results into a table. Think about how you can use tables to make comparisons between your data and literature or reference values. Think about the format of your tables and the chronology of your results section. How can you present your results so that the reader is already convinced of your conclusion before you explicitly state it?

II. Repetition: If you've already said it once, or it's already been published somewhere else, don't say it again. You can refer to other parts of your paper instead of repeating explanations or facts. If you've already written an experimental methods section, you've already explained your procedure; there is no need to provide procedural details again when you talk about results. If the procedure you used came from a published article, provide a short summary, explain any alterations, and then give the citation. Also, if you explain someone else's experimental results in the introduction, it is acceptable to write statements like, "As discussed above, Khmelnitsky, et al. found contradictory results" in your results section. Journals have page limits. Repetitious or unnecessary words or figures are unwelcome.

III. Distraction: Remember that the whole point of writing a chemistry paper is to present results and prove your conclusion based on those results. There are a lot of numbers, facts, and procedure information that you can easily get bogged down by. Just remember that ultimately you have to convince the reader that your conclusion is accurate. If you feel overwhelmed by the amount of information you have to include, try making a flow chart that shows the logical progression of your procedure. Or create your figures and tables first, and then use them as an outline or guide to write your results section. Take a look at published articles to get a sense of how others organize papers and what kinds of phrases and sentence structure are useful and accepted.

Courses Taught: General Chemistry, Organic I and II laboratories

Particular stylistic issues you should keep in mind:

"Write as concisely as possible. Know the meanings of the words you use and choose the best word for your purpose."

Grammar/spelling and word choice pet peeves:

• Using "this" and "that' as undefined pronouns
• Using "so" without "that" or "as"
• Misspelling of terms that are presented in the manual

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• Essay Writing Guides

Student Guide to Writing a Chemistry Essay

Everything around us consists of specific materials and substances. Even people consist of particular substances that originate, evolve, and disappear in the eternal cycle of life. The science dealing with these transformations and examining the composition of everything in the world is chemistry.

That’s why chemistry is one of the fundamental sciences that enjoys unending popularity among thousands of enthusiastic students. Some of them want to work in the medical sphere, creating new medications and saving humanity from chronic illnesses. Others want to develop new cosmetics to help women preserve their beauty and vitality. The food industry, automotive industry, aerospace companies – nobody can do without chemistry. Thus, learners studying this subject need to master many rules, formulas, and chemical processes to give value through their knowledge and skills.

Obviously, Chemistry is not everyone’s cup of tea. By looking at Human Resources school essay examples, for instance, you might get a false impression that writing an essay is simple and manageable. Still, Chemistry is an exact science that doesn’t stand guesswork and creativity. Thus, you should keep specific rules, theories, and formulas in mind when writing it.

If you feel confused and unsure about how your Chemistry assignment should be written, it’s not wise to submit a mediocre or off-topic paper to your professor. Your grades are too important to leave them to chance and risk your GPA.

So, you can always get in touch with an experienced Chemistry writer to get a top-notch assignment completed in hours. We have a large team of such experts on standby 24/7, ready to give a helping hand to all students seeking academic support from pros.

Chemistry Essay Format

Overall, the Chemistry format doesn’t differ that much from that of essays on any other subject. The critical point you need to remember is that exact sciences differ from the humanities. Thus, you cannot take a Human Resources school essay or Human Resources management essay and use them as templates for writing about Chemistry.

This subject has its specific requirements, while the structure is still pretty universal. Every essay should include the following parts.

An Introduction

This part of an essay traditionally explains the overall context of the research and gives the readers an initial idea of what the student wants to examine. It poses the research question or challenges the readers with a specific research problem, thus focusing their attention on the pursuit of solutions.

The body of a chemistry paper should introduce the readers to all relevant terminology and provide solid argumentation from the author’s standpoint. It should dedicate one paragraph to one argument, thus giving a clear, logical flow to enhance the readers’ comprehension.

A Conclusion

The final section of a Chemistry paper should be dedicated to a brief summary of the content and a broader inference to the study’s significance for the broader chemistry area.

Thus, by following this format, you can quickly complete any Chemistry work the way your professor wants it to be done.

Write Chemistry Essay in 5 Steps

Creating any assignment should follow a set of specific steps, so we recap each of them to give you a solid basis for your essay’s creation.

#1 Topic Choice

Once you get an assignment on Chemistry, the first step is choosing a topic that relates to your current course materials and at the same time represents interest to you. Otherwise, you may find the writing process too dull and time-consuming.

#2 Research

Now it’s time to study what people say on your topic and how they approach your subject. It’s much easier to build an argument with a couple of reliable, reputable sources at hand.

#3 Outlining

Create a roadmap for your writing process; in this way, you won’t waste time on additional checks of the prompt, having clear guidance in front of your eyes.

This part of your Chemistry homework won’t take too much time if you complete all the previous steps correctly. Please focus on the structure we’ve discussed above, and your paper will evolve hassle-free.

Now it’s time to revisit the essay and look at the parts requiring improvement. Polish it in terms of grammar, style, and syntax, and your professor will surely give you a high grade.

Chemistry Topics

Topic selection is one of the critical bottlenecks that students face at the very beginning of their work on home tasks. The academic area is so broad and diverse that one can hardly narrow down the scope of research and focus on something specific. But we have a great set of Chemistry topics fitting any occasion. Feel free to choose from this list, and you’re sure to get a high grade for the paper you’ll prepare.

• The chemical causes of food allergy.
• The impact of pheromones on human beings.
• The role of plastic packaging in the global warming processes.
• The chemical composition of acid rains.
• What causes human teeth to decay?
• The difference in composition of branded drugs versus generic drugs.
• The hidden mechanisms of avitaminosis.
• The chemical basis of mood alteration in the human brain.
• The legacy of women in chemistry studies and discoveries.
• The composition of atoms.
• The role of catalysts in chemical reactions.
• How did humans perceive the composition of things before the advent of chemistry as a science?
• Skills and knowledge required from a professional chemist.
• The principles and processes behind radioactive decay.
• The mechanism of photosynthesis.
• Organic waste processing methods.
• How can a layperson create a safe smoke bomb?
• The chemical basis of burning fire.
• How are the consumed nutrients reflected in the person’s hair composition?
• Chemical compounds of drugs.
• Chemical compounds causing the intoxicating effect of alcohol.
• How does the soap create foam?
• What are the chemical principles behind the conductivity of materials?
• The principle of spectroscopy.
• The contribution of nanoscience to advancements in chemistry.

How to Start a Chemistry Essay

Starting a Chemistry assignment is always a challenge, especially if you’re new to the topic or have some doubts about the content it should include. Unlike a Human Resources plan essay, it should be based on a specific chemical topic and feature some predetermined chemical reactions or properties of the examined substances. Thus, it’s impossible to treat this task light-heartedly, focusing on cold hard facts and formulas instead of subjective thoughts and ideas.

Our tips for Chemistry students are as follows:

• Try to find argumentative Chemistry topics so that the content may be composed with your individual tone and style, reflecting your personality.
• Research the subject extensively to find reliable evidence and avoid confusing the readers and the professor.
• Check more than one Chemistry example online to see how other students have approached this subject before you. They have already passed this test, so their takeaways – both right and wrong things – can serve as valuable educational material for you.

Once you follow these tips, Chemistry writing shouldn’t be much of a challenge to you. But anyway, if you experience issues with essay writing, Human Resources or Chemistry (or any other subject), you can get prompt and professional assistance from our experts.

Don’t hesitate to contact them in case of any academic trouble, and they will do an exemplary job researching, writing, and editing your assignments on any subject.

Example #1: Nickel manufacture, recycle and its Environmental Impacts

Nickel occurs naturally as oxides, silicates and sulphides. It is strong, lustrous and silvery white in color. Nickel sulfide processing is mainly used for treating nickel ores which involves concentration, smelting and refining (Environment Australia, 1999). First, Nickel from sulphide ore is separated using froth flotation and magnetic process. The product obtained is further processed using sherritـGordon process. The sulphide ore can also be treated with hydrogen where they are volatized in the kiln. It is then reacted with carbon monoxide at a temperature of about 60° C forming Nickel Carbonyl gas which decomposes on the surface of the Nickel pellet until they reach the desired size (Gold ore crusher, n.d.). Approximately four tonnes of nickel scraps are collected yearly and recycled. The scrap is stainless steel scrap from machinery, equipment and consumer goods. Most of the recycled Nickel is in the form of steel scrap, batteries, bronzes, chemical leachates, liquor, dust, catalyst and coinage. These scraps are separated from other parts, for example, assembled nickel which is then processed to materials of similar composition, therefore, used as new products. Nickel is released into the environment by waste incinerator and power plants. It can also penetrate into the surface water as part of waste water. When nickel compounds are released in the environment they are adsorbed to sediments thus becoming immobile. In acidic soil nickel is more mobile, therefore, it rinse out the ground water. High concentration of nickel in sandy soil damages plants and diminishes the growth rate of algae on surface water. It can also cause cancer in animal when it exceeds the set standard concentration. Therefore, there is need to regulate nickel uses, according to its physical and chemical characteristics. There should be regulations in order to protect workers and other members of the public on the possible effect on their health. Moreover, the environment should be protected by the introduction of the emission levels (Environment Australia, 1999).

What i learnt is Nickel has become very important recently, due to increasing industrial and commercial importance. Moreover, due to its excellent properties including strength at higher temperatures, ductility and corrosion resistance, it is used as a raw material to make products. This information was very important because I learned that nickel can be reused again, therefore, I should always preserve the old batteries and other nickel containing scraps for recycling. However, Nickel may cause environmental effect including health and safety effects. Therefore, I should take precautions when handling nickel product due to its toxicity. The problem encountered while working in a group was that there was argument about how the task would be performed. It took a lot of time to decide on how to perform the task. There were different ideas whether the members should perform the assignment together or individually. When we finally formalised the meeting, each member was assigned a task to perform. Hine (2000) suggests that sharing discussion helps in transforming how a person reflects. Group work helped us to have broader ideas since tasks were shared and also good leadership leads to excellent results. Being in team work facilitated learning and enhanced my understanding on the topic. In addition team work experience helped me to understand my strengths and weakness in a team.

Reference List

Environment Australia, 1999, Emission estimation technique manual for nickel concentrating, smelting, and refining: National Pollutant Inventory, 65 p. http://www.npi.gov.au/handbooks/approved_handbooks/pubs/fnickel. (Accessed May 20, 2014.) Hine, A. (2000). Mirroring effective education though mentoring, metacognition and self reflection. Paper presented to Australian Association for Research in Education Conference, Sydney. http://www.aare.edu.au/00pap/hin00017.html. (Retrieved May 21, 2014) How is nickel ore processed in Perth, Australia. (n.d.). – Gold Ore Crusher. http://www.goldorecrusher.com/mining-knowledge/how-is-nickel-ore-processed-in-perth-australia. (Retrieved May 21, 2014.)

Example #2: Microwave Organic Synthesis

Name: Institution: Microwave Organic Synthesis Abstract

For the past few decades, Electromagnetic microwave radiation has been widely used to provide heat for the synthesis of organics. The technology uses two main basic mechanisms; conduction and dipolar polarization. The technique provides a simple, fast, efficient and the most economical way of synthesizing organic molecules, which has seen chemists shift from the traditional heating methods. This article focuses on the generation of a microwave, as well as its importance in organic synthesis.

Introduction

A microwave is a form of electromagnetic energy. The use of microwave assisted organic synthesis technique has made the building of small molecules fast, making it a valuable tool that accelerates the discovery and development of drugs. Unlike other forms of radiation such as gamma and X-rays, microwave energy does not alter the compound’s molecular structure because of its non-ionizing thermal activation. The heating effect is as a result of dielectric polarization of the molecules. When the molecules are irradiated with microwaves, they get aligned with the applied electric field. The electric field keeps on changing rapidly, forcing the particles to realign constantly with the changing field, and in the process, energy is absorbed. The dielectric constant determines the ability of a compound to convert the microwave energy into heat energy. The higher the dielectric constant, the rapid the heating process (E.Karthikeyan, 2011).

Microwave Heating

Microwave heating uses the electromagnetic transformation ability of some solids and liquids that transform the radiation into heat that drives the chemical reactions. This technique is important for reactions that are not suitable for the conventional heating. Advantages of Microwave heating over the traditional heating:

• Increased speed
• High efficiency
• Reduced side reactions
• High purity in the final product
• Improved reproducibility
• Reduced heat loss to the environment
• Reduced wastage of the reaction vessel
• Green Technologies

Solvents that are used in chemical synthesis are environmentally unfriendly when they are disposed. The microwave irradiation technology has overcome this problem since the technique enables performing of reactions without the use of solvents. In conjunction with mineral-supported catalyzed reactions, the microwave irradiation has provided a clean chemical process with several advantages.

Dry media Reactions

There has been increased campaign for use of environmentally friendly reagents and procedures. The microwave heating completes various reactions under solvent-free conditions on solid supports.

Microwave Synthesis

Microwave heating of organic compounds ha s eliminated the use fire in synthetic chemistry that has led to ‘dry media’ reactions. The technology has also been exploited other related fields such as synthesis of polymers, biochemical processes, nanotechnology and material science.

Microwave Synthesis on Solid Supports

Microwave heating is used in carrying out ‘dry media’ reactions on solid supports. This is demonstrated in transformations such as condensation, protection, de-protection, oxidation and reduction reactions. A variety of industrial compounds and intermediates are prepared by this clean, solvent-free approach. The organic compounds in these reactions absorb microwaves, and the solid support restricts their transmission (E.Karthikeyan, 2011).

Other Applications

Industrial applications of microwave heating process include; drying of pharmaceutical powders, pasteurization of foods, preparation of hydrogen cyanide and chlorination plants. Other exploitations of the of microwave heating include creation of improved crystallinity in intercalation compounds, production of organometallic compounds and polymer curing (E.Karthikeyan, 2011).

Example #3: Summary of the Article “Preparation and Characterization of Ceria Nanospheres by Microwave-Hydrothermal Method”

Student’s Name Institutional Affiliation

Summary of the Article “Preparation and Characterization of Ceria Nanospheres by Microwave-Hydrothermal Method”

In their experimental research “Preparation and characterization of ceria nanospheres by microwave-hydrothermal method,” Santos and his colleagues (Santos et al., 2008) outline the microwave-hydrothermal method that enables the synthesis of cerium compounds at faster rates and at reduced temperatures. According to the authors, a nanocrystalline CeO2 powder is used as nanomaterial in catalysts, optical devices, polishing materials, and oxygen sensors, among other applications (Santos et al., 2008). In addition, they assert other methods have been developed for the synthesis of the ultra-fine CeO2 powder, and they include co-precipitation, organometallic decomposition, conventional hydrothermal, flow method, and their newly developed microwave-hydrothermal methods. In their method, they have used ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6, and a surfactant (PEG) to synthesize ultra-fine CeO2. CeO2 powder produced by microwave-hydrothermal method has narrow size distribution with a uniform spherical morphology.

Experimental

In this method, they dissolved (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 and PEG in water, then added NH4OH until a pH 9 was obtained. The resultant solution transferred into an autoclave and heated in a domestic microwave at 130oC for 20 minutes. The CeO2 powder obtained was washed with deionized water and subsequently dried at 80oC. The dried powder was further treated by calcination at 500oC at different periods of 1, 2, and 4h. The fully treated particles were analyzed by X-ray powder for its characteristics. They used Scherrer equation (d=kλ/βcosθ) to determine the crystallite size of CeO2. The morphology of CeO2 particles was characterized by field-emission gun (FEG/STEM mode). A Netzsch-409 STA was used to analyze TG-DTA. They further used a Bruker Equinox-55 instrument to record the FT-IR spectra. In addition, Roman spectra were recorded with Bruker RFS-100/S Raman spectrometer. They also used YAG laser as to provide excitation for the experiment with its power maintains at 150 mW.

Results and discussions

The curves in Fig.1 show the TG-DTA analyses of ceria powder. TG curves show a weight loss of about 11 %, which shows hydration has taken place. The mass loss is as a result of decomposition of Ce(OH)3 (9.95%) or Ce(OH)4/CeO2.2H2O (17.3%), which leads to partial hydration of ceria phases. Only 90% of weight loss occurs at 500oC. However, 650oC may be needed for a complete dehydration. In addition, DTA curve indicates an endothermic weight loss at 86oC. The endothermic weight loss is because of water absorbed by ceria powder. An exothermic peak between 270-350oC correlates to weight loss due to the crystallization of an amorphous phase. Fig.2 shows the characteristics of calcined ceria powder. The patterns were uniform across all conditions in the experiment. The peaks in the figure are a pure cubicflourite structure of CeO2. Moreover, the intensive diffraction peak is at 2θ=28.660° originating from [111] lattice plane of fcc CeO2. The ceria powders are of smaller sizes as indicated by the broadening of the peaks. After the calcination, XRD peaks became sharper with time while FWHM reduced; an indication the calcination process accelerates the crystallinity of CeO2. According to them, the calcination temperature further affects crystalline sizes of ceria powder. The authors agreed that when all conditions for synthesis of CeO2 are met, particle agglomeration due to van der Waal’s forces leads to the formation of ultra-fine CeO2 particles.

Fig.4 provides Raman and FTIR spectral characteristics of CeO2 powder sample. According to the authors, the high intense band observed in the sample corresponds to the oxygen-hydrogen and hydrogen bonds in the water molecules within the crystals. The presence of residual water and the hydroxyl group do not depend on the synthesis method. As a result, they are present in any ceria powder and eliminated by heat treatment. Furthermore, the formation of hydrated ceria powder (CeO2.nH2O) involves the formation of complexes through the hydroxylation and deprotonation of metal ions.

Conclusions

In conclusions, the authors report a simple microwave-hydrothermal method to synthesize a pure CeO2 at 130oC for 20 minutes. They also concluded that the methods not only save time and apply low temperature, but it also enables the control of morphological and structural properties. They also confirmed the material can be used as nanomaterial in several fields such as catalyst and electrical materials.

Santos, M.L.D. et al. (2008). Preparation and characterization of ceria nanospheres by microwave-hydrothermal method. Materials Letters, 60, 4509-4511. doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2008.08.011

Example #4: Summary, Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles for microwave-induced rapid catalytic decplorization of congo red dye.

Zuas, O. , Budiman H. and Hamin , N. originally published in Advanced Material Letters 2013 ( 4 (0) pp 662-667

This article is concerned with the problem of finding methods of rapidly removing dye from waste water on an industrial scale.

The article begins by describing the experiment set up by researchers in the Indonesian Institute of Science when seeking a solution to this global problem among industrialised nations, and in particular among companies who use dyes such as congo red in their industrial processes and who then need to remove this dye in the most suitable way possible, and taking into account that this needs to be done before the dye is released into the nearby water sources, where its presence is so harmful.

At the time of this experiment the removal of industrial dye from waste water was already possible using catalytic oxidation methods, as these researchers concede, citing six instances where this had been attempted. The thinking behind this particular research was that it seemed likely that by combining methods already in use with microwave technology the results could be improved.

An experiment was designed and then set up by these researchers in which the synthesis of nanoparticles was achieved using co-precipitation and then calcining for 4 hours at 500C. Resulting data showed well-formed crystals with a high degree of purity. The crystals were then tested for decolorization of the dye by using microwave irradiation. After a short contact time the results were that in 90.63 rate of efficiency the dye was decolorised under particular conditions as specified in the article .The researchers were concerned with the primary concentration of the particular dye, the amount of contact time and the dosage of the catalysts. It was felt by the researchers that because the catalytic effect was obvious it must be that when the ZnO nanoparticles met the microwave technology this produced a synergistic effect in decolorizing the dye with a high degradation rate achieved quite rapidly. This would mean that such technology is usable as an alternative method when trying to remove industrial dyes from waste water, and so dealing with relative ease with a world-wide problem, in that water is being polluted by the use of dyes in industry. This isn’t just about the coloring of water, but the fact that when these dyes are present this has a negative effect upon aquatic ecosystems, as well as the human populations which rely upon them. There is therefore a need to alleviate this problem, preferably in a way that is easy to set up, and which is both effective and cost efficient. There is also the fact that the industrial companies involved have a responsibility to the wider world , and in this case in particular to those who utilise the water into which their used dye materials are dispersed, whether as who rely on the water, but also to the many forms of life within the water which might be adversely affected if dyes are present in quantity.

For these reasons a number of attempts, cited by these authors, have attempted to find viable solutions to this global problem of the industrial age. The authors describe in detail such things as the reagents used ; the synthesis of ZnO nano-particles; the characterization of the synthesized ZnO nan-particles and the catalytic evaluation of the synthesized ZnO nano-particles. The article described a number of other methods which have been tried to achieve similar results. These include catalytic wet oxidation using modified Y zeolite as a catalyst, as described by Kondru et al in 2009. Also mentioned is photo catalysis, as described by Erdemoglu et al in 2008 and sonocatalysis as described by Wang et al (2008), as well as methods such as the biological ones, using fungi to eliminate these dyes in waste water. ( Battacharya et al, 2011). If left alone the dyes undergo biological changes when in a watery environment and this includes using up oxygen dissolved in the water, so decreasing the levels of dissolved oxygen and depriving creatures which would use this oxygen, so cutting down on numbers and types of biodiversity in particular environments. The fact that so many other attempts have been made to come up with a viable solution to the problem of dye polluting the water supply after industrial usage suggests not only the wide spread problems caused to the water systems , but also that those methods already tried were none of them completely effective.

The results of their particular experiment using microwaves are described in great detail, including such things as the diffraction peaks of the crystals created; the evaluation of the microwaves of the synthesized ZnO nano-particles; the effect of the initial concentration of the congo red dye used and the effect of the ZnO dosages used followed by the effects of various contact times tried, so this was a very complex experiment, or rather a series of similar experiments with a number of possible variables and so a series of results. So they were comparing the decolorization under a number of different treatment processes.

The authors concluded, having carried out all these experiments and having carefully evaluated the results, that the experiments showed that the use of microwave technology was linked to a process whereby the use of synthesized ZnO nano-particles was enhanced when used in aqueous solutions to remove congo red dye. They see this as a potentially possible method to ease the pollution caused by the present practice of releasing industrial dyes into the water supply as contaminated waste water. It also gives one more choice of possible treatment available to environmentalists as they seek to combat the adverse results of industrialisation upon aquatic environments in a variety of situations around the world.

Battacharya, S. Das, A., Mangai, G., Vignesh, K. and Sangeetha,J.,( 2011) Micoremediation of Congo Red Dye by Filamentous Fungi, Brazilian Journal of Microbiology , 42 (4) p 1526 Erdemoglu, S., Asku, S., Sayilkan, S., Izbi, B., Astilturk, M., Sayilkan, H., Frimmel, F. and Gucer, S.,(2008), Journal of Hazardous Material 155 (3) page 469 Kondru , A., Kumar , P., Chand, S, ( 2009) Catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of azo dye (Congo red) using modified Y zeolite as catalyst, Journal of Hazardous Material, 166 ( 1) 342 – 347 Wang, J., Jiang, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhao, S., Zhang .G., Ma, T. and Sun W., ( 2007) Investigation on the sonocatalytic degradation of congo red as catalysed by nanometer rutile TiO2 powder and various influencing factors, Desalination, 216 p 196- 208

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How To Write Chemistry Essay

Table of Contents

Chemistry Essay Writing Guide

• Outline example
• Tips on introduction writing
• Tips on body paragraph writing
• Tips on conclusion writing

Science has helped the world to decipher and answer some of the hardest questions about the universe and our bodies as well. Currently, researchers are conducting different studies on various scientific topics, and the expectation is that more knowledge will be generated. However, when asked to write analytical reports, research papers, or lab reports, some scientists find themselves struggling to express their ideas on paper. Chemistry students, for example, help to solve some of the most difficult problems that the world faces today. However, when asked to write a chemistry essay, some students find it difficult to express their thoughts and ideas clearly and in a coherent manner. Chemistry papers need to have a main point or argument or simply be specific in what it is trying to discuss or decipher. Students should hence ensure that their essay is specific and narrow, not as general as some of the others.

Chemistry papers are written for different reasons. Some are written to help explain or expound on a concept, others are written to communicate some results while there are some that are solely written for purposes of explaining the processes involved in research. If written as a research paper, a chemistry essay should articulate and make use of the basic scientific structures and formats of writing chemistry essays. Students should hence be conversant with different scientific formats like APA, MLA, and Harvard mainly for referencing purposes. Scientific papers such as chemistry essays follow specific formats and must be cited unless otherwise stated by the instructor.

Outline for a chemistry essay

Writing a chemistry essay outline is essential because it gifts one with a focused guide to completing the paper. In an outline, writers are expected to include their main point as well as some of the supporting arguments that they will include in the body of their essay. Chemistry essay outlining is similar to what is done in other essays and should hence be an easy task. If, for example, students have been asked to write an essay about the element silicon, the outline for such an essay would be as shown below:

Introduction

• Background information about silicon.
• Briefly, mention its importance in the mainstream world.
• The basic structure of silicon as an element. Some of its attributes should also be included.
• The role of silicon in construction and architecture.
• The use of silicon in the automobile industry.
• Reiterate the role of silicon in society today.
• Provide a summary of the main points, for example, the main uses of silicon.
• Finalize by mentioning how much silicon is a part of people’s lives today.

Writing an Introduction

Writing a chemistry essay introduction can be challenging regardless of how much research one has done.

Below are some introduction writing tips:

• Include factual information in the introduction.
• Provide background data regarding the topic under study. Include information that will make the essay comprehensible.
• Always look for an angle and be consistent in addressing it.
• Have a non-ambiguous thesis statement that is direct and clearly outlines the author’s stance.

Writing a Body

The body of a chemistry paper or essay needs to support the writer’s arguments or provide details of an experiment or an investigation.

Below are some tips to help writers deliver quality papers:

• Ensure that each paragraph has a topic sentence. A topic sentence bears the main point or argument presented in a paragraph.
• The other sentences should offer support to the topic sentence. Writers should not drift away from the main argument that a paragraph presents.
• Consistency throughout the paragraph should be enhanced.
• Writers should sufficiently reference their work. In-text citations should always be included throughout the article.
• Each paragraph should have five to six sentences like other essays and in these, students should ensure that they exhaustively explain their topic.
• Transition words, for example, firstly, secondly, additionally, subsequently, etc. should be used to indicate to the readers that the writer is on a different point.

Writing a Conclusion

How to conclude a chemistry essay is a challenge mainly because chemistry essays do not abide by the same rules for writing conclusions. On many occasions, students are expected to assess their hypothesis and determine its accuracy or draw any conclusions from the data that they gathered. However, if the essay did not involve any investigation or study, one can just include a summary of the main points and then relate the topic to what is happening in society today.

Sources for Essay Choice

Online sources are often preferred by students because they are easily accessible and offer simple and straightforward choices. While it is not against any law or rule to source essays online, teachers often advise students to situate what they learn in class to the activities in society. The latter offers one with choices that are audience friendly and that directly resonate with daily life. It also helps people to apply the knowledge they acquired from class to society’s day-to-day problems. However, if one wants to use online sources, below is a good example of a website that can offer one some credible essay choices.

Finalizing Essay

Students are often advised always to begin with a draft before they write a final copy. Having a draft is important and gifts one with the chance of making changes to their essay whenever they feel the need to. The chemistry essay draft will indeed come in handy and gift students with the chance of revising their work. Revisions are important. Once the essay is completed or the draft is completed, it is always necessary to review it and make any changes or corrections before submitting it. Revision and proofreading are necessary and help to ensure that an essay is consistent in focus and is free of any grammatical errors.

Chemistry Assignments

How to write an excellent chemistry essay.

Chemistry is a fascinating subject that explores matter’s composition, properties, and behavior. As an essential branch of science, it offers abundant opportunities for students to delve into its intricacies and contribute to groundbreaking research. However, when writing a chemistry essay, many individuals need help conveying their knowledge and ideas coherently and effectively.

Whether you are a student seeking guidance or an enthusiast looking to enhance your skills, this article will provide valuable insights on how to write an excellent chemistry essay. By following these tips and techniques, you can unlock your potential to craft well-structured arguments, clearly present complex concepts, and impress readers with your depth of understanding in this captivating discipline.

What is a chemistry essay?

A chemistry essay is an academic piece of writing that explores and analyzes various aspects of the field of chemistry. This essay typically requires in-depth knowledge and understanding of chemical principles, theories, and concepts. It aims to demonstrate the writer’s grasp of the subject by presenting well-researched information, critical analysis, and logical arguments.

A chemistry essay, s often delves into topics such as chemical reactions, properties of elements and compounds, laboratory experiments, environmental impacts of chemicals, or advancements in chemical research. The essay may also cover sub-disciplines within chemistry like organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, or biochemistry. Furthermore, it may discuss real-life applications of chemical knowledge in fields such as medicine, industry, agriculture, or environmental science.

Chemistry Essay format

Writing a chemistry essay can be daunting, especially if you must familiarize yourself with the required format. However, following a few essential guidelines ensures that your essay is well-structured and effectively communicates your ideas.

• The introduction of a chemistry essay

To write an effective introduction, it is crucial to consider several key elements. Firstly, start with a compelling opening sentence that grabs the reader’s interest and provides context for the topic. For example, you could begin with a shocking fact or statistic about chemical reactions or highlight how chemistry impacts everyday life.

In addition to an attention-grabbing opening sentence, your introduction should also provide background information. This may include explaining relevant theories, concepts, or historical events related to your chosen subject matter. It is crucial to balance providing enough background information without overwhelming readers with unnecessary details. Furthermore, your introduction should clearly state your thesis statement or research question.

• The body section of a chemistry essay

The body section of a chemistry essay is where the bulk of your analysis and discussion will take place. Presenting your ideas clearly is crucial to ensure that each paragraph flows smoothly into the next. First and foremost, start by introducing your main argument or thesis statement. This will provide readers with an understanding of what to expect from the rest of your essay.

Next, focus on providing evidence and examples to support your argument. This can include data, experiments, or research findings from credible sources. Make sure to cite any references used accurately using the appropriate citation style for chemistry essays.

Furthermore, explaining and analyzing the significance of your evidence about your argument is crucial. Demonstrate how it supports or strengthens your point of view while addressing any potential counterarguments.

• The conclusion of a chemistry essay

The conclusion section of a chemistry essay is the final opportunity for you to leave a lasting impression on your reader. It is where you can summarize the main points of your essay and tie them together coherently and concisely. To write an effective conclusion, you should follow several key steps.

Firstly, restate your thesis statement in slightly different words to remind the reader of the main argument you have been making throughout your essay. Next, briefly recap the main points you have discussed in each paragraph of your article, highlighting their significance and relevance to your thesis. This will help reinforce the overall message and demonstrate that you have successfully made your case.

After summarizing your main points, it is vital to provide a sense of closure by offering some final thoughts or reflections. You can accomplish this by discussing any implications or consequences that arise from the findings presented in your essay.

Tips on how to write a good chemistry essay

With the right approach and some helpful tips, you can craft an exceptional chemistry essay piece that showcases your understanding of the subject and engages and captivates your readers.

• Start by thoroughly researching your topic. This will enable you to gather relevant information and develop a solid foundation for your essay
• Use reputable sources such as scientific journals, textbooks, and reliable websites to ensure accuracy in your content
• Create a well-structured outline before diving into writing. An outline helps you logically organize your thoughts and ideas, ensuring that each paragraph flows smoothly into the next
• Include an introduction that hooks the reader’s attention, body paragraphs that provide evidence and examples of chemical concepts or experiments, and a conclusion that summarizes key points discussed
• Divide your main body into paragraphs addressing a specific point or argument. Make sure to provide evidence from credible sources, such as scientific journals or textbooks, to support your claims
• In terms of writing style, be concise and clear in expressing your ideas
• Edit and proofread your essay before you submit it for marking

Chemistry Essay topics ideas

• The role of chemistry in everyday life
• The prospects of green chemistry
• The Role of Chemistry in Sustainable Energy
• Applications of Nanotechnology in Medicine
• The role of catalysts in chemical reactions
• The effects of air pollution on atmospheric chemistry
• The Impact of Plastics on the Environment
• The process behind spontaneous combustion
• Environmental chemistry and its impact on our planet
• The concept of green chemistry
• The Impact of Organic Chemistry on Medicine
• The impact of climate change on environmental chemistry
• Nanotechnology and its applications in medicine
• The role of enzymes in chemical reactions
• The role of organic compounds in everyday life
• The history and significance of the periodic table
• The role of enzymes in DNA replication
• The chemistry behind batteries and fuel cells – exploring their function, efficiency, and environmental impact
• The ethical implications of pharmaceutical drug development

FAQ on how to write a chemistry essay

• How to start a chemistry essay

Firstly, begin by clearly defining the scope and purpose of your essay. Decide whether you want to discuss a specific topic within chemistry or provide a broader overview of the subject. This will help you narrow your focus and establish a clear direction for your writing. Next, research the chosen topic thoroughly to gather relevant information and supporting evidence. The more knowledgeable you are about the subject matter, the more exciting and informative your essay will be.

• What are the characteristics of a good chemistry essay topic?

When writing a chemistry essay, selecting the right topic is crucial. A good chemistry essay topic has several key characteristics that set it apart. Firstly, it should be specific and focused, allowing in-depth analysis of the subject matter. For instance, instead of choosing a broad topic like The Importance of Chemical Reactions, opt for something more precise such as The Role of Enzymes in Catalyzing Chemical Reactions.

Additionally, a good chemistry essay topic should be relevant and up-to-date. This ensures that the information provided is current and addresses current scientific advancements or issues in the field. Choosing a timely topic can engage readers with new research findings or practical applications. A good chemistry essay topic should also allow for critical thinking and analysis.

• What are the components of a chemistry essay?

The first essential element of a chemistry essay is the introduction. This section sets the tone for the entire paper, providing background information on the topic and presenting a clear thesis statement that outlines the main argument or objective of the essay. After introducing the case, the body paragraphs form another crucial component of a chemistry essay.

Each paragraph should focus on one specific point or idea related to the thesis statement. These paragraphs must be logically organized and supported by relevant evidence from credible sources such as scientific journals or textbooks. Providing clear explanations and examples is vital to engage readers and facilitate their understanding of complex chemical concepts. Lastly, concluding your chemistry essay effectively is essential to leave readers with a lasting impression.

Bottom line

In conclusion, a chemistry essay is an academic piece of writing that explores various aspects of the field of chemistry. It provides a platform for students to demonstrate their understanding of key concepts and theories and their ability to analyze and evaluate scientific research critically. A chemistry essay follows a structured format, including an introduction, main body paragraphs, and a conclusion.

Conduct thorough research, cite credible sources, and use appropriate terminology when writing a chemistry essay. By mastering crafting a well-written and insightful chemistry essay, students can enhance their understanding of the subject matter and contribute to the growing body of scientific knowledge. Embrace the challenge of writing a chemistry essay and unleash your potential in this fascinating field!

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Chemistry - Free Essay Examples and Topic Ideas

Chemistry is a natural science that deals with the composition and behavior of matter. It focuses on the study of atoms, molecules, and their interactions with one another. Chemistry is an essential field of science that advances our understanding of the world around us and enables us to develop new materials, medicines, and technologies. From the smallest subatomic particles to the largest chemical reactions, chemistry helps us comprehend, predict, and manipulate the properties and transformations of matter.

• 📘 Free essay examples for your ideas about Chemistry
• 🏆 Best Essay Topics on Chemistry
• ⚡ Simple & Chemistry Easy Topics
• 🎓 Good Research Topics about Chemistry
• ❓ Questions and Answers

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• The chemistry of shampoo
• Limiting Reactant Lab
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• History of organic chemistry
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• Organic Chemistry Laboratory – Formal Report
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• Chemistry Investigation to find the Empirical Formula of Magnesium Oxide

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Chemistry Essay Examples and Topics

Activation energy of the oxalic acid/potassium permanganate solution, solubility of potassium nitrate.

• Words: 1140

Potassium Iodide and Iron (III) Chloride Chemical Reaction

• Words: 1683

Chemistry Application in Daily Life

• Words: 1435

Rate Law for Iodine-Acetone Reaction

Hydrated copper (ii) sulphate experiment.

• Words: 1066

Acids, Bases and Buffers in Real-Life Applications

Aldol synthesis of dibenzalacetone.

• Words: 1136

Buffer Solution and Determination Changes in pH

The synthesis of aspirin and determination of product purity.

• Words: 1650

Nanofabrication. Bottom-Up vs. Top-Down Method

Quantitative analysis of aspirin tablets by spectrophotometry, methyl salicylate preparation using esterification.

• Words: 2059

Bomb Calorimetry: Theory and Experiment

• Words: 1595

Concentration as a Factor Affecting the Rate of Chemical Reactions

Functional group identification.

• Words: 1390

Lubricating Oil Extraction Methods

• Words: 2147

Pinacol Rearrangement Laboratory Experiment

• Words: 3066

Primary Salt Effect in Kinetic of Ionic Reactions

• Words: 1114

Contribution of Amedeo Avogadro to Chemistry

P-nitroacetanilide: measurements and calculations, interrelationship of metabolic pathways.

• Words: 1417

Thin Layer Chromatography

• Words: 1218

Spectrophotometric Determination of the pKa of an Acid-Base Indicator

• Words: 1592

Formula of a Complex With the Slope-Ratio Method

The solubility of potassium nitrate.

• Words: 1738

Extraction of Sucrose, Acetylsalicylic Acid, and Acetanilide From Phensuprin

• Words: 2894

Chemistry: Expansion Processes of a Perfect Gas

Oxidation and reduction process.

• Words: 1486

Nylons: Production, Characteristics and Applications

• Words: 4161

Methamphetamine (Meth)

The rate and order of a chemical reaction, diffusion in polymer solutions.

• Words: 5561

Cooper and Silver: Physical and Chemical Properties

• Words: 1976

Retinol: Physical and Chemical Properties, Sources, Benefits, and Adverse Effects

Preparation and recrystallization of acetanilide, analysis of lab: heat of fusion of water, lubricants oil production in refineries.

• Words: 2245

Liquid Crystals: Fundamental Properties, and the Effects of External Factors

• Words: 2803

Determination of Quinine in Tonic Water with Fluorescence Spectroscopy

• Words: 1400

Sodium Chloride – Science of Salt

Fractional distillation lab report, organic chemistry – contributions and in life, chromatography in the determination of amino acids, production of acetone from isopropyl alcohol.

• Words: 2271

Silver Characteristics as a Chemical Element

Kht molar solubility experiment.

• Words: 1322

Titration of a Strong and Weak Acid

• Words: 1233

Oxidation States of Manganese Ion

The heat of dissolution and neutralization reaction.

• Words: 1152

The Manufacture of Polyethylene

• Words: 4148

Chemical Laser: Definition, Environment, Process, and Types

• Words: 2769

UV & VIS Spectroscopy Experiment

Determination of the molecular weight and pka for an unknown weak acid by titration.

• Words: 1497

Plastic Impact on Humans and Planet

• Words: 1079

Materials Used for Ethanol Production

• Words: 2849

Amperometry: Chemical Analysis

• Words: 3681

Effect of pH on Protein Solubility

Hydrolysis of tert-butyl chloride: kinetics lab, the effect of ph on water holding capacity of chicken, using solar (pv) energy to generate hydrogen gas for fuel cells, methyl salicylate: carboxylic acids and esters.

• Words: 2741

The Experiment on Substitution Reactions of Alcohols

Aqueous hcl solution preparation, hair care products: components and effects.

• Words: 1383

Massive Leak of Liquified Chlorine Gas

• Words: 2169

Food Dye and Bleach Reaction Experiment

• Words: 1353

Percent Composition of Calcium in Salt: Gravimetric Analysis

• Words: 1126

Atropian Iron: 1st AD Stability Operations Decision Brief

The solventless reaction: the aldol reaction condensation, biogeochemical cycle: nitrogen, chemical and physical properties of ethane, alkanes and alkenes: structure and reactions.

• Words: 1697

Magnesium Atom: Formation, Characteristics, and Application

Aqueous solution definition in chemistry.

• Words: 1760

Acetone: Physical and Chemical Properties

• Words: 2200

PH Balance and Body Reaction to Change

• Words: 1372

Seawater vs. Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis

The effect of acid on enzyme activity, petroleum refining: hydrotreatment process.

• Words: 1688

Iron: Properties, Occurrence, and Uses

Organic chemistry: combinatorial synthesis of azo dyes, pinacol rearrangement: chemical lab experiment.

• Words: 1974

Pinacol Rearrangement Experiment

• Words: 1230

Determination of the Enthalpy of an Acid-Base Reaction

Nucleophilic substitution reactions of alcohols.

• Words: 2137

Diffusion and Osmosis Experiments

• Words: 1745

Types of Saturation Indices: Calcium Carbonate

• Words: 1698

Louis Pasteur: an Outstandimg Chemist and Microbiologist

• Words: 1475

Electronic Application of Inorganic Polymers

• Words: 1786

Acid Effects on Starch in Industrial Applications

• Words: 2011

Chemical Raising Agent in Bread in Lab Experiment

• Words: 1703

Nitrite and Indole Reaction: Spectrophotometric Study

• Words: 2821

The Pinacol Rearrangement as a Dehydration Process

• Words: 1575

Electron Configuration and Behavior in Chemistry

• Words: 1198

Naphtha Reforming: Progress and Profits

• Words: 4185

Conversion of Tyrosine to Serotonin, Dopamine, and Norepinephrine

What are the types of intermolecular forces that are present in molecules.

• Words: 1062

Carboxylic Acids and Esters: Preparation of Methyl Salicylate

• Words: 2859

Substitution Reactions of Alcohols

• Words: 2743

Cracking Naphtha to Produce Olefins

• Words: 4124

Plasma Discharge and its Examples

• Words: 2752

Preperation of Cyclohexene From Cyclohxanol

Activation energy barrier definition, the mek lubricant and de-waxing method.

• Words: 2144

Organic Compounds at Home and at the Workplace

Eggs: the osmosis process investigation, the blatter radical and its synthesis.

• Words: 1550

Research of Amorphous Solids in World

• Words: 2570

Micro Method Determination of Boiling Point of Hydrocarbons

Stoichiometry and process calculations, ph titrations & buffer solutions experiment, sugar results: experiment on chocolate, conduction phenomena in li-ion batteries.

• Words: 1669

Effect of Potassium Chloride Concentration on the Rate of Mung Seed Germination

• Words: 1395

Strontium: Physical and Chemical Properties

The production of aluminum.

• Words: 1101

Standard Test Method for Weight of Coating on Iron

• Words: 1009

Process of Converting Bauxite Into Aluminium

Potassium chloride, magnesium sulphate and glucose effects.

• Words: 1841

100+ Great Chemistry Research Topics

Table of contents

• 1 5 Tips for Writing Chemistry Research Papers
• 2 Chemical Engineering Research Topics
• 3 Organic Сhemistry Research Topics
• 4 Іnorganic Сhemistry Research Topics
• 5 Biomolecular Сhemistry Research Topics
• 6 Analytical Chemistry Research Topics
• 7 Computational Chemistry Research Topics
• 8 Physical Chemistry Research Topics
• 9 Innovative Chemistry Research Topics
• 10 Environmental Chemistry Research Topics
• 11 Green Chemistry Research Topics
• 12.1 Conclusion

Do you need a topic for your chemistry research paper? Are you unsure of where to start? Don’t worry – we’re here to help. In this post, we’ll go over a series of the best chemistry research paper topics as well as Tips for Writing Chemistry Research Papers on different topics. By the time you finish reading this post, you’ll have plenty of ideas to get started on your next research project!

There are many different subfields of chemistry, so it can be tough to find interesting chemistry topics to write about. If you’re struggling to narrow down your topic, we’ll go over lists of topics in multiple fields of study.

Doing research is important to help scientists learn more about the world around us. By researching different compounds and elements, we can learn more about how they interact with one another and how they can be used to create new products or improve existing ones.

There are many different topics that you can choose to research in chemistry. Here are just a few examples:

• The history of chemistry and how it has evolved over time
• How different chemicals react with one another
• How to create new compounds or improve existing ones
• The role of chemistry in the environment
• The health effects of different chemicals

5 Tips for Writing Chemistry Research Papers

Once you have chosen a topic for your research paper , it is important to follow some tips to ensure that your paper is well-written and accurate. Here are a few tips to get you started:

• Start by doing some background research on your topic. This will help you understand the basics of the topic and give you a good foundation to build your paper on.
• Make sure to cite all of the sources that you use in your paper. This will help to show where you got your information and will also help to add credibility to your work.
• Be sure to proofread your paper before you submit it. This will ensure that there are no errors and that your paper is clear and concise.
• Get help from a tutor or friend if you are struggling with your paper. They may be able to offer helpful advice or feedback.
• Take your time when writing your research paper. This is not a race, and it is important to make sure that you do a good job on your research.

By following these tips, you can be sure that your chemistry research paper will be a success! So what are you waiting for? Let’s go over some of the best research paper topics out there. Choosing a chemistry research topic is just the first step. The complexity of scientific writing can be daunting. For those who need assistance, a professional research paper writer can help you craft a well-researched and clearly articulated paper.

Chemical Engineering Research Topics

Chemical Engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with the design and application of chemical processes. If you’re wondering how to choose a paper topic, here are some ideas to inspire you:

• How to create new alloy compounds or improve existing ones
• The health effects of the food industry chemicals
• Chemical engineering and sustainable development
• The future of chemical engineering
• Chemical engineering and the food industry
• Chemical engineering and the pharmaceutical industry
• Chemical engineering and the cosmetics industry
• Chemical engineering and the petrochemical industry
• Biocompatible materials for drug delivery systems
• Membrane technology in water treatment
• Development of synthetic fibers for industrial use

These are just a few examples – there are many more possibilities out there! So get started on your research today. Who knows what you might discover!

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Organic Сhemistry Research Topics

Organic chemistry is the study of carbon-containing molecules. There are many different organic chemistry research topics that a student could choose to focus on and here are just a few examples of possible research projects in organic chemistry:

• Investigating new methods for synthesizing chiral molecules
• Studying the structure and reactivity of carbon nanotubes
• Investigating metal complexes with organometallic ligands
• Designing benzene derivatives with improved thermal stability
• Exploring new ways to control the stereochemistry of chemical reactions
• Studying the role of enzymes in organic synthesis
• Investigating new strategies for combating drug resistance
• Developing new methods for detecting explosives residues
• Studying the photochemistry of organic molecules
• Studying the behavior of organometallic compounds in biological systems
• Synthetic routes for biodegradable plastics
• Catalysis in organic synthesis
• Development of non-toxic solvents

Іnorganic Сhemistry Research Topics

Inorganic Chemistry is the study of the chemistry of materials that do not contain carbon. Unlike other chemistry research topics, these include elements such as metals, minerals, and inorganic compounds. If you are looking for inorganic chemistry research topics on inorganic chemistry, here are some ideas to get you started:

• How different metals react with one another
• How to create new alloys or improve existing ones
• The role of inorganic chemistry in the environment
• Rare earth elements and their applications in electronics
• Inorganic polymers in construction materials
• Photoluminescent materials for energy conversion
• Inorganic chemistry and sustainable development
• The future of inorganic chemistry
• Inorganic chemistry and the food industry
• Inorganic chemistry and the pharmaceutical industry
• Atomic structure progressive scale grading
• Inorganiс Сhemistry and the cosmetics industry

Biomolecular Сhemistry Research Topics

Biomolecular chemistry is the study of molecules that are important for life. These molecules can be found in all living things, from tiny bacteria to the largest animals. Researchers who work in this field use a variety of techniques to learn more about how these molecules function and how they interact with each other.

If you are looking for essential biomolecular chemistry research topics, here are some ideas to get you started:

• The structure and function of DNA
• Lipidomics and its applications in disease diagnostics
• The structure and function of proteins
• The role of carbohydrates in the body
• The role of lipids in the body
• How enzymes work
• Protein engineering for therapeutic applications
• The role of biochemistry in heart disease
• Cyanides and their effect on the body
• The role of biochemistry in cancer treatment
• The role of biochemistry in Parkison’s disease treatment
• The role of biochemistry in the immune system
• Carbohydrate-based vaccines

The possibilities are endless for someone willing to dedicate some time to research.

Analytical Chemistry Research Topics

Analytical Chemistry is a type of chemistry that helps scientists figure out what something is made of. This can be done through a variety of methods, such as spectroscopy or chromatography. If you are looking for research topics, here are some ideas to get you started:

• How food chemicals react with one another
• Mass spectrometry
• Microplastics detection in marine environments
• Development of sensors for heavy metal detection in water
• Analytical aspects of gas and liquid chromatography
• Analytical chemistry and sustainable development
• Atomic absorption spectroscopy methods and best practices
• Analytical chemistry and the pharmaceutical industry in Ibuprofen consumption
• Analytical chemistry and the cosmetics industry in UV protectors
• High-throughput screening methods in pharmaceutical analysis
• Dispersive X-ray analysis of damaged tissues

Analytical chemistry is considered by many a complex science and there is a lot yet to be discovered in the field.

Computational Chemistry Research Topics

Computational chemistry is a way to use computers to help chemists understand chemical reactions. This can be done by simulating reactions or by designing new molecules. If you are looking for essential chemistry research topics in computational chemistry, here are some ideas to get you started:

• Molecular mechanics simulation
• Machine learning applications in predicting molecular properties
• Reaction rates of complex chemical reactions
• Designing new molecules: how can simulation help
• The role of computers in the study of quantum mechanics
• How to use computers to predict chemical reactions
• Using computers to understand organic chemistry
• The future of computational Chemistry in organic reactions
• The impacts of simulation on the development of new medications
• Combustion reaction simulation impact on engine development
• Quantum-chemistry simulation review
• Simulation of protein folding and misfolding in diseases
• Development of algorithms for chemical synthesis planning
• Applications of Metal-Organic Frameworks in water sequestration and catalysis

Computers are cutting-edge technology in chemical research and this relatively new field of study has a ton yet to be explored.

Physical Chemistry Research Topics

Physical chemistry is the study of how matter behaves. It looks at the physical and chemical properties of atoms and molecules and how they interact with each other. If you are looking for physical chemistry research topics, here are some ideas to get you started:

• Standardization of pH scales
• Structure of atom on a quantum scale
• Bonding across atoms and molecules
• The effect of temperature on chemical reactions
• The role of light in in-body chemical reactions
• Chemical kinetics
• Molecular dynamics in confined spaces
• Quantum computing for solving chemical problems
• Studies on non-Newtonian fluids in industrial processes
• Surface tension and its effects on mixtures
• The role of pressure in chemical reactions
• Rates of diffusion in gases and liquids
• The role of entropy in chemical reactions

Here are just a few samples, but there are plenty more options! Start your research right now!

Innovative Chemistry Research Topics

Innovative chemistry is all about coming up with new ideas and ways to do things. This can be anything from creating new materials to finding new ways to make existing products. If you are looking for ground-breaking chemistry research topics, here are some ideas to get you started:

• Amino acids side chain effects in protein folding
• Chemistry in the production of nanomaterials
• The role of enzymes in chemical reactions
• Photocatalysis in 3D printing
• Avoiding pesticides in agriculture
• Combining chemical and biological processes
• Gene modification in medicinal chemistry
• The role of quantum mechanics in chemical reactions
• Astrochemical research on extraterrestrial molecules
• Spectroscopy signatures of pressurized organic components
• Development of smart materials with responsive properties
• Chemistry in space: studying chemical reactions in microgravity
• Utilization of CO2 in chemical synthesis
• Use of black soldier fly carcasses for bioplastic production using extracted chitin
• Bioorthogonal chemistry for molecule synthesis inside living systems

If you need a hand, there are several sites that also offer research papers for sale and can be a great asset as you work to create your own research papers.

Whatever route you decide to take, good luck! And remember – the sky’s the limit when it comes to research! So get started today and see where your studies may take you. Who knows, you might just make a breakthrough discovery!

Environmental Chemistry Research Topics

Environmental Chemistry is the study of how chemicals interact with the environment. This can include anything from the air we breathe to the water we drink. If you are looking for environmental chemistry research topics, here are some ideas to get you started:

• Plastic effects on ocean life
• Urban ecology
• The role of carbon in climate change
• Air pollution and its effects
• Water pollution and its effects
• Chemicals in food and their effect on the body
• The effect of chemicals on plant life
• Earth temperature prediction models
• Effects of pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments
• Atmospheric chemistry and urban air quality
• Bioremediation techniques for oil spill cleanup
• Regulatory and environmental impact of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl (PFA) substances
• Comparison of chemical regulation impacts like PFA with historical cases such as lead in fuel

A lot of research on the environment is being conducted at the moment because the environment is in danger. There are a lot of environmental problems that need to be solved, and research is the key to solving them.

Green Chemistry Research Topics

Green chemistry is the study of how to make products and processes that are environmentally friendly. This can include anything from finding new ways to recycle materials to developing new products that are biodegradable. If you are looking for green chemistry research topics, here are some ideas to get you started:

• Recycling and reuse of materials
• Developing biodegradable materials
• Improving existing recycling processes
• Green chemistry and sustainable development
• The future of green chemistry
• Green chemistry and the food industry
• Lifecycle assessment of chemical processes
• Green chemistry and the pharmaceutical industry
• Development of catalysts for green chemistry
• Green chemistry and the cosmetics industry
• Alternative energy sources for chemical synthesis

A more environmentally friendly world is something we all aspire for and a lot of research has been conducted on how we can achieve this, making this one of the most promising areas of study. The results have been varied, but there are a few key things we can do to make a difference.

Controversial Chemistry Research Topics

Controversial chemistry is all about hot-button topics that people are passionate about. This can include anything from the use of chemicals in warfare to the health effects of different chemicals. If you are looking for controversial topics to write about , here are some ideas to get you started:

• The use of chemicals in warfare
• Gene modification in human babies
• Bioengineering
• How fast food chemicals affect the human brain
• The role of the government in regulating chemicals
• Evolution of cigarette chemicals over time
• Chemical effects of CBD oils
• Ethical issues in genetic modification of organisms
• Nuclear energy: risks and benefits
• Use of chemicals in electronic waste recycling
• Antidepressant chemical reactions
• Synthetic molecule replication methods
• Gene analysis

Controversial research papers often appear in the media before it has been peer-reviewed and published in a scientific journal. The reason for this is that the media is interested in stories that are new, exciting, and generate a lot of debate.

Chemistry is an incredibly diverse and interesting field, with many controversial topics to write about. If you are looking for a research topic, consider the examples listed in this article. With a little bit of effort, you are sure to find a topic that is both interesting and within your skillset.

In order to be a good researcher, it is important to be able to think critically and solve problems. However, innovation in chemistry research can be challenging. When thinking about how to innovate, it is important to consider both the practical and theoretical aspects of your research. Additionally, try to build on the work of others in order to create something new and unique. With a little bit of effort, you are sure to be able to find a topic that is both interesting and within your skillset.

Happy writing!

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Chemistry Essays

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Discussing chemistry within an essay format is a great topic because of chemistry’s relevance in everyday life. Chemistry helps by exploring things that are unknown, examining the future behavior of plants, animals, chemicals, and compounds to better use these things directly or indirectly in our daily lives.

Writing essays on chemistry is a delicate balance, but doesn’t have to be a dry and boring experience. Chemistry is all around us, from the product labels we deal with daily, to the pastries and meals we enjoy. Cooking and baking are just another form of chemistry experimentation. Folding this knowledge of chemistry’s breadth into an essay on chemistry can help show your understanding of the topic and engage with your reader.

How to write an essay on Chemistry

An essay on chemistry is essentially a guided journey through a chemistry experiment. In turn, it should address all the stages of the scientific method to communicate a discovery or process.

An essay on chemistry should:

• Formulate a question. • Conduct background research. • Construct a hypothesis. • Experiment and analyze data. • Form a conclusion.

An essay on chemistry is usually separated into four main parts. These parts create a “chemical story” that the reader can follow along with, creating resonance and understanding.

These four parts are:

• Introduction – The first three steps of the scientific method. Include a question, rigorously cited examples of previous research, and a hypothesis or topic sentence. • Results and Discussion – What work have you done, and what were the results? This is usually the longest section. • Conclusion – Summarize the main purpose of the report. • Experimental – Often separate from the narrative of the rest of the paper, this is where the raw data and in-depth experimental information are included.

What can you talk about in an essay on Chemistry?

Chemistry is a hugely varied topic with many different cases of study. So the most important thing with your topic is to demonstrate a thorough understanding and grasp of the subject.

Topics can include:

• Electrochemistry • The discovery of Oxygen • Water purification • The discovery of Hydrogen • Thermochemistry • The discovery of Nobel gases • Stiochiochemistry

And if you are stuck and don’t know what to add to your paper, essay samples on this page may help you to solve this issue and complete your assignment receiving the desired result!

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321 Interesting Chemistry Topics & Writing Tips

Chemistry studies matter and what it’s made of. It tells us how substances change and what properties they have. Chemistry seeks to answer questions such as: What is the Universe made of? How do elements react with each other?

Read our article to dive deeper into this intricate subject. What is more, we’ve prepared a list of 300 exciting chemistry-related topics. You can choose between organic, nuclear chemistry, biochemistry, and other branches. Our interesting topics in chemistry will make your studies more enjoyable!

Don’t forget that writing is our element. Is your assignment’s deadline closing in? Our custom writing service will take the pressure off you!

🔝 Top 10 Interesting Chemistry Topics

• ✅ Branches of Chemistry
• ✍️ Writing Tips

⭐ Top 10 Chemistry Essay Topics

• 🔬 General Chemistry Topics
• 🧑🥼 Chemistry Project Topics
• 🤔 Advanced Chemistry
• 🦠 Biochemistry
• 🧬 Organic Chemistry
• ♻️ Green Chemistry
• ⚗️ Inorganic Chemistry
• ⚛️ Nuclear Chemistry
• 🧮 Analytical Chemistry
• 🧪 Physical Chemistry

🔍 References

• Biochemistry in nursing
• Crystalloids vs. colloids
• The purpose of dilutions
• Principles of electrochemistry
• Why is stoichiometry so difficult?
• Are there alternative periodic tables?
• The polarity of bonds classification
• How is nuclear chemistry used?
• The importance of Lewis electron dot structure
• Endothermic reactions vs. exothermic reactions

✅ Main Branches of Chemistry

Chemistry is a broad subject that uses various methods of study. Because of this, scientists divide it into five main branches. These are organic, inorganic, physical, analytical, and biochemistry . Let’s investigate them:

• Organic chemistry examines life. It seeks to understand the molecular structure and behavior of living beings.
• Inorganic chemistry focuses on materials rather than living beings. Chemists of this field aim to advance technology.

• Physical chemists examine the atomic level of matter. This branch uses physics to study the processes in chemical systems.
• Analytical chemists investigate what matter consists of. They look for new analyzing procedures and ways to enhance existing ones.
• Biochemistry studies the fundamental biological systems. It improves our understanding of essential medical issues.

Now that we’ve sorted out chemistry basics, we can examine how to write about it. Whether you’re in high school or already in college, the following guide will help you compose an excellent chemistry paper!

✍️ Tips on How to Write a Chemistry Paper

Each subject has its own rules when it comes to writing papers. In chemistry, the organization is the key. That’s why the first step is to have your lab notes in order. Keep your notebook neat and tidy, and you will see that writing becomes much more manageable.

On top of that, it’s good to have an idea of what an excellent paper should be like. There are three major points you should keep in mind: objectives, style, and structure.

• Objectives. Your goal is to identify and convey valuable information. If you want to share it with others, it should be presented as credible scientific work.
• Introduction. Say what your paper will be about.
• Methods. Present the methods and materials you use.
• Results. Describe what you observed during the experiment.
• Discussion. Analyze the results and summarize the relevance of your study.
• Style. Grammatically correct writing is a must. Your style should be formal, concise, and clear. Use the right tense: write your methods and results in the past. For general truths, you can switch to the present.

Finally, don’t forget that for any type of writing, the right topic is crucial. For inspiration, check out our excellent chemistry paper topics!

• The history of neurochemistry
• Astrochemistry vs. astrophysics
• Is radiochemistry a dying field?
• Pros and cons of being a biochemist
• New concepts of chemical engineering
• What makes quantum chemistry difficult?
• The importance of agricultural chemistry
• The impact of WW2 on computational chemistry
• Ernest Rutherford’s contribution to nuclear chemistry
• Computer chemistry vs. computational chemistry

🔬 General Chemistry Topics to Write About

Chemistry surrounds us in our everyday life. Have you ever seen moldy bread or boiling water? That’s chemistry in action. Have a look at these 30 easy topics for an introduction into chemistry:

• What happens to your body when it lacks vitamins?
• How does acid rain form?
• Understanding pheromones: how do they affect humans?
• Explain what atoms are made of.
• Ionic and covalent compounds: a comparison.
• How do you solve stoichiometry problems?
• Give an overview of the states of matter.
• A delicate balance: how do chemicals in our brains create moods?
• Describe the noble gas configuration.
• Marie Curie and her extraordinary legacy.
• An introduction into acids and bases.
• Write about hydrologic cycles.
• What happens when a substance oxidizes?
• Explain substitution reactions.
• Compare the Bohr model with the plum-pudding and the Saturnian models.
• How does a Geiger counter work?
• Describe the significance of Rutherford’s gold foil experiment.
• How Michael Faraday forever changed the scientific landscape.
• What does Prout’s hypothesis state?
• The history of european alchemy.
• What are the periodic trends?
• Explain how to analyze amino acids using protein hydrolysis.
• What do catalysts do?
• Everything about lab safety.
• The radium craze of the early 20th century.
• How does substance abuse impact your body?
• Why is it essential to study chemistry in high school?
• Reaction rates: how do we define them?
• Before chemistry: ancient philosophy of things changing. 
• Examine how radioactive decay occurs.

🧑🥼 Chemistry Projects Topics for Science Fair

Experiments are, without a doubt, the most fun part of chemistry. It’s exciting to watch colorful substances fizzle and bubble. If you need ideas for your next project, look no further. Just make sure to follow safety rules!

• Discover what determines the color changes when iodine and starch react. 
• Find out how to make photosynthesis visible.
• Try to synthesize Aspirin.
• Develop film and explain how you did it.
• Fiddle a wire through an ice cube without drilling holes.
• Assess the quality of water and find out what contaminates it.

• Extract plant oil and study its properties.
• Observe what happens if you dye wool with different colors.
• Learn how to make a solution change color.
• Determine the amount of caffeine in various sorts of tea.
• How do you produce biogas or liquid from organic waste?
• Analyze the contents of your toothpaste. Can you find any health hazards?
• Make a water filter from scratch.
• Why does lemon juice stop apples from browning?
• Make a safe smoke bomb.
• Document the process of growing crystals.
• Identify the pollutants in the air around you.
• What makes a flame change color?
• Biometric technologies: how do they work? 
• Study invisible ink. What makes it disappear?
• Wine: how do its chemical compounds relate to its taste?
• Emulsions: how to make and break them.
• Compare the effectiveness of different vegetable oils in biodiesel manufacturing.
• Assess the residue of pesticides in vegetables from various markets.
• Measure the density of soft drinks. How does sugar affect it?
• Conductivity: what types of solutions are the best electrical conduits?
• Food and science: how much energy do nuts and chips produce when burned?
• Analyze your hair and check for nutrients.
• Examine what soap needs to foam properly.
• Change a penny’s color to gold.

🤔 Advanced Chemistry Topics for an Essay

Once you’ve mastered chemistry’s fundamental concepts, you’re ready for the advanced part. Here, you will explore topics such as kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamics. Consult our list for 30 interesting advanced chemistry topics:

• Polymers: what do we use them for?
• How do spectroscopes work?
• What chemical information can we find in meteorites?
• Spectroscopy and its many applications.
• Schrödinger’s Cat: what did it reveal about radioactive decay?
• Examine the properties of imino-disaccharides.
• The importance of carbohydrate-protein interactions in immunology.
• CRISPR: how does it work?
• Compare the types of noncovalent bonding.
• Investigate how molecular recognition can be produced synthetically.
• Describe the impact of nanotechnology.
• How does nanoscience change our lives?
• What does Le Châtelier’s principle state?
• CBD: what advantages does it have?
• What causes a chemical process to result in equilibrium?
• Compare the types of equilibrium.
• BPA : how toxic is it?
• Behavior of ideal vs. non-ideal gases.
• Magnetism and coordination compounds.
• The principles of molecular orbital theory.
• Why do certain compounds not exist?
• How does water recycling work?
• Cloud seeding: when is it useful?
• What causes the weather to change?
• Why do some plants rely on photosynthesis more than others?
• Describe the properties of hydrogen.
• Explain the connection between collision theory and concentration.
• How do the ab initio methods work?
• Chemistry and the brain: impact of neurotransmitters. 
• Examine the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia.

🦠 Biochemistry Topics to Research

Have you ever wondered what chemical processes happen inside living organisms? Here’s an example: when we breathe, we inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. Biochemistry combines biology and chemistry to find out how life works on a molecular level. It’s a life science that deals with the cells, proteins, and lipids that form the core of every being. Clinical research highly benefits from biochemical knowledge.

• Explain enzyme inhibitors and their mechanisms.
• What are the benefits of epigenetics?
• Enzyme activity: how can you regulate it?

• Understanding the role of lipase in pathophysiological processes.
• The chemical processes behind metabolism.
• Amino acids: industrial applications.
• Consequences of a protein deficiency.
• Dietary supplements: help or hazard?
• How does the Citric Acid Cycle work?
• Glycolysis : how does it convert glucose?
• How do solutes move through biological membranes?
• Explain the sodium-potassium pump.
• Describe networks and alliances of the biotechnology industry.
• How does the body react to chlorine exposure?
• Cells gone rogue: the origins of cancer. 
• Investigate the functions of hormones.
• How can we develop new vaccines?
• Discuss the ethics of stem cell research.
• The legacy of Dolly the sheep.
• SCNT: process and applications.
• What are the chemical compounds of blood? 
• How do you treat hemophilia?
• The development of prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes.
• Discuss the cloning of a DNA fragment and Southern blotting.
• How does oxidative phosphorylation synthesize ATP?
• Compare the three types of crystallography.
• Copying DNA: the principles of PCR.
• How does recombination repair work?
• What causes redoximorphic features in various soils?
• Obtaining protein structures with x-ray crystallography.

🧬 Organic Chemistry Topics for Papers

Organic chemistry serves as the foundation for biochemistry. It is centered on carbon, which is essential to life. Carbon often bonds with other elements as well as itself. That’s what makes it the basis for all organic structures.

• Describe the properties of a chiral molecule.
• Atmospheric chemistry: methods and observations.
• Write about antioxidant potency of polyphenol-rich beverages.
• Enantiomers and the Fischer projection practice.
• Investigate possible relationships between stereoisomers.
• What are the benefits of chemoenzymatic synthesis?
• Explore the history of vitalism.
• The production of chemicals using carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions.
• Hydrocarbon: types and reactions.
• Examine the four essential types of organic compounds.
• How do free-radical reactions work?
• Pathogens: infection cycle and disinfection methods.
• Give examples of esters in everyday life.
• How do you turn alcohols into alkyl halides?
• Mechanisms of aerosol formation.
• Recent discoveries in molecular tuning.
• Chemical warfare: the dark side of organic chemistry.
• What makes a plant poisonous?
• What makes aromatic compounds unreactive?
• Phosgene: what makes it toxic?
• Explain the mechanism of the Diels-Alder Reaction.
• Alpha carbon reactions: when do aldol condensations occur?
• How do you identify organic compounds using infrared spectroscopy?
• Bonds as springs: the mechanical molecular model.
• Antibiotic resistance: causes and effects.
• Identify factors that influence proton chemical shifts.
• What does the electron dot structure show?
• The properties and reactions of functional groups.
• What defines a compound as aromatic?
• How do you name amines?

♻️ Green Chemistry Topics to Write About

If you’re concerned with sustainability, green chemistry is your area of choice. It finds ways to make chemical products less harmful to the environment. Research is done at every stage, from the product’s design to its disposal.

• How do you prevent pollution?
• What do you do with toxic waste?
• Discuss the twelve principles of green chemistry.
• Source reduction: what are the most effective ways?
• Biomimicry: is it the best way to sustainability?
• Eco-friendly packaging and its issues.
• Compare the effectiveness of various materials used in solar cells.
• What are the advantages of molar efficiency?
• Ionic liquids: are they the future of eco-friendly reagents?
• The U.S. acid rain program: pros and cons. 
• How can the toxicity of paint be reduced?
• Innovative ways to avoid pesticides in agriculture.
• What are the types of bio-based renewable feedstocks?
• Are bioplastics beneficial for the environment?
• How do metathesis reactions help reduce greenhouse gas emissions?
• Computer chips: how do we make them more sustainable?
• Alternative energies: making fuel from chicken feathers.
• Is carbon capture effective?
• Will cultivated meat become a green alternative to traditional farming?
• How does the Plantrose process work?
• Discuss the petroleum products problem in the U.S.
• What are efficient ways to extract and use critical elements more
• How efficient is artificial photosynthesis?
• What are the best ways to remove carbon pollution?
• Electrocatalysis as a way to generate and consume fuels.
• Discuss the most pressing issues in green chemistry today.
• How does LCA work?
• What are efficient ways to extract and use critical elements more sustainably?
• Recycling and recovery of plastic. 
• Describe the advantages of Levulinc Acid use.
• How can we make nuclear energy more viable?

⚗️ Inorganic Chemistry Topics for a Paper

Metals and minerals are parts of inorganic chemistry. Scientists in this field want to understand the behavior and properties of inorganic compounds. Practical uses include the manufacturing of fertilizers, adhesives, and coatings.

• What are the types of nucleosynthesis?
• In which ways are chemicals able to bond?
• How does molecular symmetry predict the chemical properties of a molecule?
• Vibrational spectroscopy: what is it used for?
• Discuss the importance of inorganic compounds in biochemistry.
• The history of atomic theory: an overview.
• Hematite: matter and mineral. 
• The peculiarities of hydrogen bonds and polarity.
• What are the uses of point groups in inorganic chemistry?
• Determine the factors that impact Brønsted-Lowry acidity.
• How does HSAB explain reaction mechanisms?
• What is lattice energy, and how can you measure it?
• How do you use coordination compounds as catalysts?
• Red Ferrosols: soil management issues. 
• Examine the drawbacks of the crystal field theory.
• Define the selection rules for vibrational transitions.
• What is the most effective way to grow synthetic diamonds?
• How do you use the angular overlap model?
• Explain ligand effects.
• The magnetic properties of transition metal oxides.
• Gold: how does it serve medicine?
• The use of chemistry in jewelry manufacturing.
• How does the chemical structure of a gemstone determine its color?
• Alexandrite: what makes it so unique?
• How do ligand substitution reactions work?
• Determine the properties of the light types.
• What are the fundamental laws of photochemistry?
• What causes phosphorescence?
• Alloys: what are their benefits?
• The history of brass and its usage.

⚛️ Nuclear Chemistry Topics for an Essay

You’ve probably been x-rayed before. It means you’ve been exposed to radiation. Nuclear chemistry seeks to understand radioactivity-related processes. One of atomic science’s most critical problems is the disposal of radioactive waste.

• How do you calculate an element’s half-life?
• Compare the three different types of radiation.
• What are the common uses of radioactive elements?
• How do we know that a nucleus is stable?
• Fukushima and Chernobyl disasters: a comparison. 
• How do elements transmute in the process of nuclear fission?
• Cold fusion: will it ever be possible?
• Radiation: how does it harm biological systems?
• Describe the types of decay.
• Nuclear waste: reprocessing, disposal, and transportation. 
• How is nuclear chemistry used in medicine?
• Ways to destroy toxic organic compounds using irradiation.
• Interactions between water and radioactive elements.
• How are chemosensors used in radiation chemistry?
• What are the biological applications of radiochemistry?
• The nuclear fuel cycle: managing the disposal of nuclear fuel.
• Discuss reactive hazards in the chemical industry.
• Compare the efficiency of different extraction methods.
• Fission products and surfaces: what happens when 9TcO2 gets in contact with steel?
• Isotopic chemistry: what distinguishes it from nuclear chemistry?
• Explore the history of NMR.
• Henri Becquerel and the discovery of radioactivity.
• The relevance of hydrogen in nuclear fusion.
• What causes radioactivity?
• The adverse effects of ionizing vs. non-ionizing radiation.
• Why are some people skeptical about the term “nuclear?”
• The Big Bang: how did it create the Universe as we know it?
• Discuss the unsuccessful efforts in nuclear arms control. 
• How does radiocarbon dating work?
• Mass spectrometry: ionization techniques.

🧮 Analytical Chemistry Topics for Essays

The matter comes in all forms and shapes. It can be a compound or a single element. If you want to know how matter is structured, analytical chemistry has the answer. Scientists of this branch ensure that our food and other products are safe to consume.

• How does activation analysis work?
• Why is analytical chemistry important for the environment?
• How do you find iron in a mixture of metals?
• What are the ways to measure the amount of a specific substance in a compound?

• Identifying hazardous substances in cheese.
• A simple way to separate chemical compounds: gas chromatography.
• Aspirin vs. Ibuprofen: comparing the chemical mechanisms of pain relievers.
• Genetically modified foods and their impact on human health.
• Food allergies: where do they come from?
• The best techniques for quantitative chemical analysis.
• What are the standard techniques to measure the endpoint of a titration?
• Mass-based analysis: gravimetric analysis.
• How do you neutralize WVO?
• Drug safety approach in administration and nursing. 
• Describe the three types of electroanalytical methods.
• How do you measure temperature using a calorimeter?
• Understanding thermodynamics: the Carnot cycle.
• The process of analyzing salt.
• How do you identify the shelf life of a medicine?
• Ways to find adulterants in drugs.
• Compare the healthiness of bottled water based on its chemical compounds.
• How can you test cholesterol in blood samples?
• Examine how analytical chemistry is used in forensic science.
• What are the advantages of spectrochemical methods?
• How do you detect pesticides using immunoassays?
• Miniaturization: how does it advance analytical chemistry?
• Capillary Liquid Chromatography: an overview.
• Immunochemistry: applications in environmental analysis.
• The development of analytical technology in the past 20 years.
• Explain how to determine PAH sources in soil.

🧪 Physical Chemistry Topics for Papers

Is chemistry not enough for you? Try combining it with physics! For physical chemists, it is crucial to understand how molecules and atoms act. They use various models to study the structure and behavior of these tiny particles.

• Explain how to determine an atom’s electron configuration.
• Describe the structure of an atom.
• Isotopes: why do they exist?
• What is the Time-of-Flight principle?
• How do you calculate the mass of an atom?
• Define successive ionization energies.
• What are the gas laws?
• Equation of state: ideal vs. real gases.
• Explain why the Earth is considered a closed thermodynamic system.
• What is the Avogadro constant?
• The difference between empirical and molecular formulae.
• Calculating percentage yields: balanced equations.
• How do intermolecular forces affect the melting point of a substance?
• What are the four types of crystal structures?
• Define the types of forces that exist between molecules.
• Explain how to relate the melting point and conductivity of a substance to their type of structure.
• What is fire in terms of chemistry and thermodynamics?
• Reasons why molecules with polar bonds might not have a permanent dipole.
• How do internal combustion engines work?
• Endothermic or exothermic? Determining enthalpy change.
• What are the applications of Hess’s law?
• Explain the use of mean bond enthalpy.
• When does a collision not cause a reaction?
• How does temperature affect the reaction rate?
• How do catalysts work?
• Describe what Born-Haber cycles are used for.
• Explore the history of thermochemistry.
• Give examples of quasi-static processes.
• The study of chaos: calculating entropy.
• When is a reaction reversible?

We hope that you found a topic you like. Now good luck with your essay!

You might also be interested in:

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• Chemistry: Encyclopedia Britannica
• Different Types of Chemistry: University of Wisconsin
• General Chemistry Topic Review: Purdue University
• General Chemistry: University of Tennessee Chattanooga
• Topics in Advanced Chemistry: University of Otago
• Biochemistry Topics List and Learning Tools: Vital-IT
• Organic Chemistry: Khan Academy
• Basics of Green Chemistry: US EPA
• Exploring the Role of Green Chemistry at a Research University: Harvard
• Inorganic Chemistry: American Chemical Society
• Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Syllabus: Westfield State University
• Nuclear Chemistry: University of Pennsylvania
• Analytical Chemistry: American Chemical Society
• Physical Chemistry: AQA
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As simple as it is, the purpose of the descriptive essay is to explain or portray its subject. It can focus on any topic or issue you want to write about. Be sure that any middle school, high school, or college student can manage this type of creative writing assignment!...

Rhetorical analysis essay focuses on assessing the method used for delivering a message. This assignment isn’t about giving an opinion on the topic. The purpose is to analyze how the author presents the argument and whether or not they succeeded. Keep reading to find out more strategies and prompts for...

A narrative essay tells a story about a series of events. At the core of this kind of essay can be a personal experience or a fictional plot. Any story can be a basis for a narrative essay! Narratives can look similar to descriptions. Still, they are different. A descriptive...

Similar to the instructions in a recipe book, process essays convey information in a step-by-step format. In this type of paper, you follow a structured chronological process. You can also call it a how-to essay. A closely related type is a process analysis essay. Here you have to carefully consider...

Resources   General CHEMISTRY EXTENDED ESSAY These subject guidelines should be read in conjunction with the IB extended essay general guidelines. Introduction An extended essay in chemistry provides a candidate with an opportunity to investigate personally a particular aspect of the materials of our environment. Such extended essays must be characterized by a particular chemical emphasis within a more general set of scientific criteria. Choice of Topic It is important that the extended essay has a clear chemical emphasis and is not more closely related to another subject. Chemistry is the science that deals with the composition, characterization, and transformation of substances. A chemistry extended essay should therefore incorporate chemical principles and theory, and emphasize the essential nature of chemistry, relating to the study of matter and of the changes it undergoes. Although similar criteria apply to all extended essays in the experimental sciences, for an extended essay submitted in chemistry the topic chosen must allow an approach which distinctly involves chemistry. Where a topic might be approached from different viewpoints, the treatment of the material must be approached from a chemical perspective. An extended essay in an interdisciplinary area such as biochemistry will, if registered as a chemistry extended essay, be judged on its chemical content, not its biological content. The scope of the topic and the research associated with it should enable all the criteria, particularly the subject specific criteria, to be addressed. A good topic is one where the single research question is sharply focused and is susceptible to effective treatment within the word limit. Perhaps the most important factor is the depth of treatment that can be given to the topic by the candidate. Some topics may be unsuitable for investigation because of safety issues. For example, experiments involving toxic or dangerous chemicals, carcinogenic substances or radioactive materials should be avoided unless adequate safety apparatus and qualified supervision is available. Other topics may be unsuitable because the outcome is already well known and documented in standard text books and the candidate may not be able to show any personal input. An example might be a study of the reactions of the alkali metals with water as this is already covered by the syllabus. However some care does need to be exercised in deciding whether a topic is suitable or not; for example, a few years ago the study of the allotropes of carbon may have been thought to be trivial but this would not be the case today. The following examples of titles for chemistry extended essays are intended for guidance only. The pairings illustrate that focused topics (indicated by the first title) should be encouraged rather than broad topics (indicated by the second title). "Spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of lead in drinking water" is better than "Water analysis". "The kinetics of oxidation of iodine ions with hydrogen peroxide in acidic solutions" is better than "Chemical kinetics". "The analysis of the red dyes present in different brands of tomato ketchup by thin layer chromatography" is better than "The use of chromatography to separate materials". "Is it better to use dried animal manure as a fertilizer or as a fuel?" is better than "Combustion and nitrogen analysis". "The effects of sugar-free chewing gum on the pH in the mouth after a meal" is better than "Acid-base chemistry". Other ideas for topics Treatment of the Topic An extended essay in chemistry may be based on literature, theoretical models or experimental data. Whichever category is chosen the candidate should ensure that sufficient data will be available for evaluation and that the topic can be researched accurately using locally available resources. Candidates who choose to write an extended essay based on literature and/or surveys should ensure that their extended essay clearly shows its chemical basis. Essays written at the level of a newspaper or news magazine article are unlikely to achieve a high mark. Since chemistry is an experimental science, candidates are strongly encouraged to undertake experimental work as part of their research, although this is not compulsory. Any experimental work which does form part of a chemistry extended essay should be described in sufficient detail to allow the work to be repeated by others, and candidates are strongly encouraged to research the literature first. Where possible, they should consult original research using scientific journals, personal communications and, where appropriate, the Internet. Textbooks should never be the only source of information. Data collected from an experiment designed by the candidate is of little value unless it is analysed, using appropriate scientific techniques, evaluated and perhaps compared with appropriate models. It is possible to produce an extended essay in chemistry in which the candidate has used data collected elsewhere as the primary source. In such cases, the element of personal analysis and evaluation is important. In any chemistry extended essay candidates should be able to demonstrate that they understand the theory underlying any experimental work and state any assumptions made. They should show an understanding of the results obtained and be able to interpret them with reference to the research question posed. They should be critical of inadequate experimental design, the limitations of the experimental method and any systematic errors. Candidates should be encouraged to consider unresolved questions in their research, and to suggest new questions and areas for further investigation in their conclusion. Assessment Criteria Principles and ideas used to describe and explain the properties and behaviour of materials   There is no evidence of any principles or ideas relating to chemistry. Some of the relevant principles or ideas relating to chemistry are mentioned but little use is made of them Some of the relevant principles or ideas relating to chemistry are evident and used in a routine manner. Many of the relevant principles and ideas relating to chemistry are evident and good use is made of them. The relevant principles and ideas relating to chemistry are included and there is good evidence that they are fully understood and applied correctly. Use of methods and sources appropriate to chemistry   The methods or sources used are not relevant or not appropriate to chemistry The methods or sources used are appropriate to chemistry and relevant to the research question, but show minimal competence or are not carefully chosen. The methods or sources used are appropriate to chemistry and relevant to the research question, and are carefully chosen, but used in a routine manner. The methods or sources used are appropriate to chemistry and relevant to the research question, are carefully chosen, and used competently, and there is some evidence of a personal approach to their application. The methods or sources used are appropriate to chemistry and relevant to the research question, are carefully chosen and used competently, and there is clear evidence of a personal approach to their application. Reasoning surrounding the research and its limitations   There is no awareness of the quality of the experimental design or the quality of sources accessed. There are no explanations, confirmations or refutations The quality of the experimental design or the quality of sources is briefly mentioned. There is no supporting evidence for explanations, confirmations or refutations. The quality of the experimental design or the quality of sources is considered, but not analysed. There is little supporting evidence for explanations, confirmations or refutations. The quality of the experimental design or the quality of sources is considered and subjected to limited analysis. There is some supporting evidence for explanations, confirmations or refutations. Uncertainties in experimental data are thoroughly analysed and approximations in models are accounted for. Inadequate experimental design or any systematic error is exposed. The quality of sources accessed is verified by secondary sources or by direct calculations. Explanations, confirmations and refutations are supported by this analysis.   Customer Reviews Extended Essays IB Internal Assessment Theory of Knowledge Literature Review Dissertations Essay Writing Research Writing Assignment Help Capstone Projects College Application Online Class Chemistry Extended Essay Topics: 30+ Ideas to Get You Started by  Antony W September 2, 2022 Have you searched for the best IB Chemistry Extended Essay topics but you haven’t found any that’s useful for further investigation? Or maybe you don’t know how to choose a topic for the subject and you need guidance? Continue reading this guide to learn more. What is an Extended Essay in Chemistry? An extended essay in chemistry gives you the chance to study a specific area of our environment's components. Within a more broad set of research standards, the essay should highlight a particular chemical aspect. The result of the study should be a logical and organized piece of writing that effectively tackles a certain subject or research question and reaches a specific, and ideally personal, conclusion. Chemistry Extended Essay Writing Help Are you struggling with topic selection for your Chemistry EE? Or maybe you have no idea how to start your preliminary research to develop your research issue? You can contact Help for Assessment right now for professional help. If you’re asking yourself  who can write my Extended Essay for me ,  you can be sure that our platform has the writing team that you’re looking for. We can help you with IB Chemistry EE topic selection, conduct preliminary research, develop a relevant research issue, and get the writing done. It doesn’t matter whether you’ve run out of time or your grasp of Chemistry is weak. We connect you with professional writers with experience in the subject, so you never have to worry about quality and relevance of the work you get from us.  Take advantage of this writing service, and let us help you score top grades in your Chemistry EE. How to Choose Chemistry Extended Essay Topics Below are some points that will help you to choose the best Chemistry extended essay topics: 1. Pick a Topic Focused on Chemistry It is essential that the emphasis of the extended essay be on chemistry, and not on another subject. Chemistry is the study of the composition, classification, and change of substances. Therefore, a long essay in chemistry should include chemical principles and theory and underline the core character of chemistry, which is the study of matter and its transformations. 2. Pick a Topic for Which You Can Provide a Chemistry-based Approach Although the same evaluation criteria apply to all extended essays, the topic chosen for a chemistry extended essay must provide a different chemistry-based approach. Whereas you can handle a topic from several perspectives, you have to treat everything from a chemical standpoint. For instance, if registered as a chemistry extended essay, a biochemistry extended essay will be evaluated based on its chemical content, not its biological content. 3. Pay Attention to the Assessment Criteria The topic's breadth and accompanying research should allow for the consideration of all criteria. An excellent subject is one in which the single research question is focused and may be adequately addressed within the word limit. Perhaps the most crucial component is your ability to provide an in-depth analysis of the issue. Broad or complex survey topics (such as investigations into health problems caused by water pollution, chemotherapy for cancer treatment, or the use of spectroscopy for chemical analysis) will not allow you to discuss opposing ideas and theories or produce an in-depth personal analysis within the word limit. 4. Avoid Topics that Raise Safety Concerns Some topics may not be acceptable for examination due to safety concerns. You should not experiment using poisonous or hazardous chemicals, carcinogenic compounds, or radioactive materials, for instance, unless suitable safety equipment and competent supervision are available. 5. Avoid Topics Whose Outcomes are Already Documented in Textbooks Other topics may not be appropriate since the outcome is well documented in standard textbooks and the student may not be able to demonstrate personal involvement. Example: a study of the interactions of alkali metals with water, which is previously covered in the curriculum. However, you must use caution when determining if a topic is appropriate; for instance, the study of the allotropes of carbon may have been considered trivial in the past, but this is no longer the case. Related Reading Chemistry Extended Essay Complete Guide Physics Extended Essay Guide for IB Students Computer Science Extended Essay IB Chemistry Extended Essay Topic Ideas The following are some Chemistry Extended Essay topic ideas that you can start exploring right away – or just use for inspiration. How does the flower come into being? Why do plants grow while submerged in water? The influence that shifts in climate have on the reproductive processes of plants Sugar and cocaine are both very addictive. Why do some individuals consume more food but still manage to seem thin? What causes the pollen tube to develop, and how does pollination take place in isolated areas? The several kinds of eucalyptus trees The impact that rising temperatures are having on plant life. What is the one item that is absolutely necessary for the development of plants? The process of photosynthesis that takes place in the absence of sunlight The connection between the brain and the rest of the body The health and safety regulations regarding the preservation of cow milk for commercial purposes What distinguishes plants that grow in water from those that grow on land? The effectiveness of pollination by different species The possibility that medications used to treat pain and other similar substances might be harmful to the human brain. How can plants be used as a kind of treatment? Is it feasible for plants growing in the same environment to act in a variety of ways? What kind of an impact does a shift in habitat have on the touch-me-not plant? The phases of development that occur in a fetus Ultrasound's influence on the ratio of elimination to substitution yields in the reaction of halogenoalkanes with sodium hydroxide. How does the equilibrium change when you replace hydrogen in ethanoic acid with groups that pull electrons and release them? Diaper gel (sodium polyacrylate) absorbs liquids, but how much sodium chloride (as well as the solution's pH) depends on how much water is present. A Green Chemistry approach is used to studying the synthesis of vanillyl alcohol from vanillin and sodium borohydride. Raw milk's accessible calcium is studied in relation to the temperature at which it was heated, and lab-treated milk is compared to commercially-processed milk. Thanaka powder and traditional sunscreens are compared for their thermal stability and photostability. Analysis of catalase denaturation during the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide Visible light absorption by 1,x-dihydroxyanthraquinone as a function of the location of the second hydroxyl group. Temperature's impact on the fading kinetics of a photochromic dye was studied using spectrophotometry. Final Thoughts There are many IB Chemistry Extended Essay topics, but these ones should be good for a start, especially if you’re already struggling to find topics in the first place. About the author  Antony W is a professional writer and coach at Help for Assessment. He spends countless hours every day researching and writing great content filled with expert advice on how to write engaging essays, research papers, and assignments. IB Chemistry EE examples Filter exemplars, to what extent does the type of alcohol used in the fischer-speier esterification reaction affect the average rate of reaction as measured through back titration., how does 5g of different types of oils (palm oil, avocado oil, castor oil, and olive oil) contribute to the production of soap bars with a ph level closest to 7 measured at constant temperature (50°c) and after constant time of refluxing (30 minutes) through the saponification process, want to get full marks for your ee allow us to review it for you 🎯, how does the concentration of harpagoside, which is identified by the surface area of the spot on the chromatography paper, changes in the equine mane over the period of one month after gradual consumption of the supplement “devil’s claw”, how does the type of solvent (ethanol, propanone) and its solvent to water ratio (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% v/v) in the extraction of polyphenols via ultrasound-assisted extraction (uae), affect the total phenolic content extracted from rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis), quantified by folin-ciocalteu assay, what effect does changing the concentration of the reagent, chitosan glycolate solution, have on the formation rate and the di↵usion coecient observed in the formation of liesegang rings in the reaction of the polymer-analogous transformation, from salt to base, of chitosan, fast track your coursework with mark schemes moderated by ib examiners. upgrade now 🚀, how does varying the solution ph and sodium ethanoate concentration affect the rate and yield of ethane production from its electrolysis, how does the application of different corrosion inhibitors (green tea extract, acrylic paint, chrome plating) on iron affect the amount of rust produced and the rate of corrosion of an iron nail in a 3.5% nacl solution as measured through spectrophotometric and mass-loss methods, effect of storage temperature and time on the vitamin c concnetration in citrus fruit juices, “how quick is the rate of neutralization of 5 cm3, 1 m sodium hydroxide by fatty acids, produced through the hydrolysis of milk fat, catalyzed by lipase enzyme from different seeds”, how do benzodiazepine chemicals temazepam, triazolam, flurazepam, estazolam and midazolam, in certain anxiolytic and sleep-inducing pills, manipulate neurochemistry and metabolic rates to induce sleepiness and reduce insomnia, how does the amount of bioavailable lycopene in mg per 100 g of tomato pulp change with heat treatment for 15 minutes in 40, 60, 80, and 100 degrees celsius, investigated with spectrophotometry using wavelengths of length 503 nm, how does varying the adsorption duration (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 minutes) and eggshell powder adsorbent dosage (0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35 grams) affect the manganese(vii) ions concentration in wastewater, to what extent do the botanical origin of starch (potato, wheat, rice, cassava and corn) and different concentrations of glycerol (5.6×10-5 , 1.7×10- 4 and 2.8×10-4 in moldm-3) contribute to improving the tensile strength (calculated through young’s modulus) and biodegradability (tested through soil burial test) of the biodegradable plastic produced, which method of determination of the amount of copper in brass yields the most accurate result: iodometric titration, spectrophotometry or potentiometry, determining the total mass phenolic and the total mass flavonoid contents of 5 different apple varieties, how does varying steamed or non-steamed vegetables affect the content of iron present, including the effect on an anemic individual’s diet, to what extent does the pka of natural indicators, isobestic points and transmittance patterns vary from the pka of the universal indicator analysis by a spectrophotometer for finding the ideal indicator by prioritising its accessibility (cost of vegetables) and effectiveness for agricultural usage., what effects does varying the identity and concentration of cation in salt solutions; sodium chloride, potassium chloride and lithium chloride, have on aggregation of silver nanoparticles manufactured through a reduction reaction, how does the yield of synthesis gas obtained from pyrolysis compare to gasification in the chemical recycling of polyethene and polypropene, to what extent does the concentration of sulfuric acid in a lead-acid cell affect the voltage at the end of a discharge cycle and the accumulation of lead sulfate on a lead electrode at standard thermodynamic conditions, how does the storing time (8 years, 7 months, 5 months, 3 months, 1 month, 1 day) affect the composition of coca-cola drinks, considering h3po4 concentration and sugar content, is the amount of sulfur dioxide in disposable chopsticks a potential health hazard, an investigation into the effect of concentration of primary alcohols and hexane and the effect of the amount of carbon atoms within the alcohol to the enthalpy of combustion of the mixture, what is the effect of varying the amount of cac03 needed to reverse the effects of acid rain the acidity of soil", to what extent does the iodine value, and the acid value of the oil, and oxidative stability affect the hydrolysis rate of fatty acids in oil, an investigation into the chemiluminescence of luminol, comparison between the effects of the addition of various cations via salt solution on the aggregation of silver nanoparticles synthesized via the reduction method. 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Writing a personal statement for chemistry is a chance to sell yourself to the admissions tutors and show them why you would make a great candidate. It’s a place to describe your skills and strengths, as well as your career plans and ambitions for the future. You are allowed up to 4000 characters to explain why you are applying for a sociology degree, so you need to make sure your statement is as good as possible to stand out from the crowd. How do I write a good chemistry personal statement? Great chemistry personal statements always use evidence to support their claims. You need to convince admissions tutors that you’re a good match for the programme, so if you claim to be committed or inquisitive, then use examples from your life to back it up. To write a successful chemistry personal statement you need to start early, brainstorm some ideas, and then begin your first draft. This will then need to be carefully revised and edited before asking family and friends for feedback. Incorporate their comments and suggestions, and see how it is improved before asking them to look at it again. Read through our chemistry personal statement examples to give you an idea of what makes a good chemistry statement. Make sure you proofread your statement for grammar and spelling before sending it off, and if you feel you need a little extra help, take a look at our personal statement editing services . What should I include in my chemistry personal statement? Many students choose to start their statement by picking a specific aspect of chemistry and explaining why they enjoy it. Admissions tutors want candidates that are as passionate about the subject as they are. As well as your motivations for studying chemistry, think about your hobbies and extracurricular activities too. What skills have you learned from these and how will these help you in your chemistry degree? Talk about any work experience placements you have completed, e.g. shadowing a lab technician or someone in a hospital. What did you take away from this experience? Do you feel you have all the necessary personal traits and qualities that make a good chemistry student? Your wider reading is also important, so it's worth mentioning anything you've read recently that you found interesting and why. Generally, admissions tutors like students who express their views and opinions, and can back them up with evidence. For more help and advice on what to write in your chemistry personal statement, please see: Personal Statement Editing Services Personal Statement Tips From A Teacher Analysis Of A Personal Statement The 15th January UCAS Deadline: 4 Ways To Avoid Missing It Personal Statement FAQs Personal Statement Timeline 10 Top Personal Statement Writing Tips What To Do If You Miss The 15th January UCAS Deadline. Related resources Common personal statement mistakes. Find out more Choosing A University Top 20 Best Apps For Students How To Choose A Cambridge College A Level Results Day Have a language expert improve your writing Run a free plagiarism check in 10 minutes, generate accurate citations for free. Knowledge Base Academic writing How to write a lab report How To Write A Lab Report | Step-by-Step Guide & Examples Published on May 20, 2021 by Pritha Bhandari . Revised on July 23, 2023. A lab report conveys the aim, methods, results, and conclusions of a scientific experiment. The main purpose of a lab report is to demonstrate your understanding of the scientific method by performing and evaluating a hands-on lab experiment. This type of assignment is usually shorter than a research paper . Lab reports are commonly used in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. This article focuses on how to structure and write a lab report. Instantly correct all language mistakes in your text Upload your document to correct all your mistakes in minutes Table of contents Structuring a lab report, introduction, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about lab reports. The sections of a lab report can vary between scientific fields and course requirements, but they usually contain the purpose, methods, and findings of a lab experiment . Each section of a lab report has its own purpose. Title: expresses the topic of your study Abstract : summarizes your research aims, methods, results, and conclusions Introduction: establishes the context needed to understand the topic Method: describes the materials and procedures used in the experiment Results: reports all descriptive and inferential statistical analyses Discussion: interprets and evaluates results and identifies limitations Conclusion: sums up the main findings of your experiment References: list of all sources cited using a specific style (e.g. APA ) Appendices : contains lengthy materials, procedures, tables or figures Although most lab reports contain these sections, some sections can be omitted or combined with others. For example, some lab reports contain a brief section on research aims instead of an introduction, and a separate conclusion is not always required. If you’re not sure, it’s best to check your lab report requirements with your instructor. Here's why students love Scribbr's proofreading services Discover proofreading & editing Your title provides the first impression of your lab report – effective titles communicate the topic and/or the findings of your study in specific terms. Create a title that directly conveys the main focus or purpose of your study. It doesn’t need to be creative or thought-provoking, but it should be informative. The effects of varying nitrogen levels on tomato plant height. Testing the universality of the McGurk effect. Comparing the viscosity of common liquids found in kitchens. An abstract condenses a lab report into a brief overview of about 150–300 words. It should provide readers with a compact version of the research aims, the methods and materials used, the main results, and the final conclusion. Think of it as a way of giving readers a preview of your full lab report. Write the abstract last, in the past tense, after you’ve drafted all the other sections of your report, so you’ll be able to succinctly summarize each section. To write a lab report abstract, use these guiding questions: What is the wider context of your study? What research question were you trying to answer? How did you perform the experiment? What did your results show? How did you interpret your results? What is the importance of your findings? Nitrogen is a necessary nutrient for high quality plants. Tomatoes, one of the most consumed fruits worldwide, rely on nitrogen for healthy leaves and stems to grow fruit. This experiment tested whether nitrogen levels affected tomato plant height in a controlled setting. It was expected that higher levels of nitrogen fertilizer would yield taller tomato plants. Levels of nitrogen fertilizer were varied between three groups of tomato plants. The control group did not receive any nitrogen fertilizer, while one experimental group received low levels of nitrogen fertilizer, and a second experimental group received high levels of nitrogen fertilizer. All plants were grown from seeds, and heights were measured 50 days into the experiment. The effects of nitrogen levels on plant height were tested between groups using an ANOVA. The plants with the highest level of nitrogen fertilizer were the tallest, while the plants with low levels of nitrogen exceeded the control group plants in height. In line with expectations and previous findings, the effects of nitrogen levels on plant height were statistically significant. This study strengthens the importance of nitrogen for tomato plants. Your lab report introduction should set the scene for your experiment. One way to write your introduction is with a funnel (an inverted triangle) structure: Start with the broad, general research topic Narrow your topic down your specific study focus End with a clear research question Begin by providing background information on your research topic and explaining why it’s important in a broad real-world or theoretical context. Describe relevant previous research on your topic and note how your study may confirm it or expand it, or fill a gap in the research field. This lab experiment builds on previous research from Haque, Paul, and Sarker (2011), who demonstrated that tomato plant yield increased at higher levels of nitrogen. However, the present research focuses on plant height as a growth indicator and uses a lab-controlled setting instead. Next, go into detail on the theoretical basis for your study and describe any directly relevant laws or equations that you’ll be using. State your main research aims and expectations by outlining your hypotheses . Based on the importance of nitrogen for tomato plants, the primary hypothesis was that the plants with the high levels of nitrogen would grow the tallest. The secondary hypothesis was that plants with low levels of nitrogen would grow taller than plants with no nitrogen. Your introduction doesn’t need to be long, but you may need to organize it into a few paragraphs or with subheadings such as “Research Context” or “Research Aims.” Prevent plagiarism. Run a free check. A lab report Method section details the steps you took to gather and analyze data. Give enough detail so that others can follow or evaluate your procedures. Write this section in the past tense. If you need to include any long lists of procedural steps or materials, place them in the Appendices section but refer to them in the text here. You should describe your experimental design, your subjects, materials, and specific procedures used for data collection and analysis. Experimental design Briefly note whether your experiment is a within-subjects  or between-subjects design, and describe how your sample units were assigned to conditions if relevant. A between-subjects design with three groups of tomato plants was used. The control group did not receive any nitrogen fertilizer. The first experimental group received a low level of nitrogen fertilizer, while the second experimental group received a high level of nitrogen fertilizer. Describe human subjects in terms of demographic characteristics, and animal or plant subjects in terms of genetic background. Note the total number of subjects as well as the number of subjects per condition or per group. You should also state how you recruited subjects for your study. List the equipment or materials you used to gather data and state the model names for any specialized equipment. List of materials 35 Tomato seeds 15 plant pots (15 cm tall) Light lamps (50,000 lux) Nitrogen fertilizer Measuring tape Describe your experimental settings and conditions in detail. You can provide labelled diagrams or images of the exact set-up necessary for experimental equipment. State how extraneous variables were controlled through restriction or by fixing them at a certain level (e.g., keeping the lab at room temperature). Light levels were fixed throughout the experiment, and the plants were exposed to 12 hours of light a day. Temperature was restricted to between 23 and 25℃. The pH and carbon levels of the soil were also held constant throughout the experiment as these variables could influence plant height. The plants were grown in rooms free of insects or other pests, and they were spaced out adequately. Your experimental procedure should describe the exact steps you took to gather data in chronological order. You’ll need to provide enough information so that someone else can replicate your procedure, but you should also be concise. Place detailed information in the appendices where appropriate. In a lab experiment, you’ll often closely follow a lab manual to gather data. Some instructors will allow you to simply reference the manual and state whether you changed any steps based on practical considerations. Other instructors may want you to rewrite the lab manual procedures as complete sentences in coherent paragraphs, while noting any changes to the steps that you applied in practice. If you’re performing extensive data analysis, be sure to state your planned analysis methods as well. This includes the types of tests you’ll perform and any programs or software you’ll use for calculations (if relevant). First, tomato seeds were sown in wooden flats containing soil about 2 cm below the surface. Each seed was kept 3-5 cm apart. The flats were covered to keep the soil moist until germination. The seedlings were removed and transplanted to pots 8 days later, with a maximum of 2 plants to a pot. Each pot was watered once a day to keep the soil moist. The nitrogen fertilizer treatment was applied to the plant pots 12 days after transplantation. The control group received no treatment, while the first experimental group received a low concentration, and the second experimental group received a high concentration. There were 5 pots in each group, and each plant pot was labelled to indicate the group the plants belonged to. 50 days after the start of the experiment, plant height was measured for all plants. A measuring tape was used to record the length of the plant from ground level to the top of the tallest leaf. In your results section, you should report the results of any statistical analysis procedures that you undertook. You should clearly state how the results of statistical tests support or refute your initial hypotheses. The main results to report include: any descriptive statistics statistical test results the significance of the test results estimates of standard error or confidence intervals The mean heights of the plants in the control group, low nitrogen group, and high nitrogen groups were 20.3, 25.1, and 29.6 cm respectively. A one-way ANOVA was applied to calculate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer level on plant height. The results demonstrated statistically significant ( p = .03) height differences between groups. Next, post-hoc tests were performed to assess the primary and secondary hypotheses. In support of the primary hypothesis, the high nitrogen group plants were significantly taller than the low nitrogen group and the control group plants. Similarly, the results supported the secondary hypothesis: the low nitrogen plants were taller than the control group plants. These results can be reported in the text or in tables and figures. Use text for highlighting a few key results, but present large sets of numbers in tables, or show relationships between variables with graphs. You should also include sample calculations in the Results section for complex experiments. For each sample calculation, provide a brief description of what it does and use clear symbols. Present your raw data in the Appendices section and refer to it to highlight any outliers or trends. The Discussion section will help demonstrate your understanding of the experimental process and your critical thinking skills. In this section, you can: Interpret your results Compare your findings with your expectations Identify any sources of experimental error Explain any unexpected results Suggest possible improvements for further studies Interpreting your results involves clarifying how your results help you answer your main research question. Report whether your results support your hypotheses. Did you measure what you sought out to measure? Were your analysis procedures appropriate for this type of data? Compare your findings with other research and explain any key differences in findings. Are your results in line with those from previous studies or your classmates’ results? Why or why not? An effective Discussion section will also highlight the strengths and limitations of a study. Did you have high internal validity or reliability? How did you establish these aspects of your study? When describing limitations, use specific examples. For example, if random error contributed substantially to the measurements in your study, state the particular sources of error (e.g., imprecise apparatus) and explain ways to improve them. The results support the hypothesis that nitrogen levels affect plant height, with increasing levels producing taller plants. These statistically significant results are taken together with previous research to support the importance of nitrogen as a nutrient for tomato plant growth. However, unlike previous studies, this study focused on plant height as an indicator of plant growth in the present experiment. Importantly, plant height may not always reflect plant health or fruit yield, so measuring other indicators would have strengthened the study findings. Another limitation of the study is the plant height measurement technique, as the measuring tape was not suitable for plants with extreme curvature. Future studies may focus on measuring plant height in different ways. The main strengths of this study were the controls for extraneous variables, such as pH and carbon levels of the soil. All other factors that could affect plant height were tightly controlled to isolate the effects of nitrogen levels, resulting in high internal validity for this study. Your conclusion should be the final section of your lab report. Here, you’ll summarize the findings of your experiment, with a brief overview of the strengths and limitations, and implications of your study for further research. Some lab reports may omit a Conclusion section because it overlaps with the Discussion section, but you should check with your instructor before doing so. If you want to know more about AI for academic writing, AI tools, or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools! Ad hominem fallacy Post hoc fallacy Appeal to authority fallacy False cause fallacy Sunk cost fallacy Deep learning Generative AI Machine learning Reinforcement learning Supervised vs. unsupervised learning  (AI) Tools Grammar Checker Paraphrasing Tool Text Summarizer AI Detector Plagiarism Checker Citation Generator A lab report conveys the aim, methods, results, and conclusions of a scientific experiment . Lab reports are commonly assigned in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. The purpose of a lab report is to demonstrate your understanding of the scientific method with a hands-on lab experiment. Course instructors will often provide you with an experimental design and procedure. Your task is to write up how you actually performed the experiment and evaluate the outcome. In contrast, a research paper requires you to independently develop an original argument. It involves more in-depth research and interpretation of sources and data. A lab report is usually shorter than a research paper. The sections of a lab report can vary between scientific fields and course requirements, but it usually contains the following: Abstract: summarizes your research aims, methods, results, and conclusions References: list of all sources cited using a specific style (e.g. APA) Appendices: contains lengthy materials, procedures, tables or figures The results chapter or section simply and objectively reports what you found, without speculating on why you found these results. The discussion interprets the meaning of the results, puts them in context, and explains why they matter. In qualitative research , results and discussion are sometimes combined. But in quantitative research , it’s considered important to separate the objective results from your interpretation of them. Cite this Scribbr article If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator. Bhandari, P. (2023, July 23). How To Write A Lab Report | Step-by-Step Guide & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved August 26, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/academic-writing/lab-report/ Is this article helpful? Pritha Bhandari Other students also liked, guide to experimental design | overview, steps, & examples, how to write an apa methods section, how to write an apa results section, "i thought ai proofreading was useless but..". I've been using Scribbr for years now and I know it's a service that won't disappoint. It does a good job spotting mistakes” Your browser is not supported Sorry but it looks as if your browser is out of date. To get the best experience using our site we recommend that you upgrade or switch browsers. Find a solution Skip to main content Skip to navigation Back to parent navigation item Collections Sustainability in chemistry Simple rules Teacher well-being hub Women in chemistry Global science Escape room activities Decolonising chemistry teaching Teaching science skills Get the print issue RSC Education More navigation items Learning to write in chemistry By Michael Seery 2016-03-14T00:00:00+00:00 Michael Seery highlights the importance of carefully-designed writing activities in enabling students to build their scientific writing skills © Shutterstock Students pursuing a career in science need opportunities to develop their writing skills so they can communicate scientific results, procedures and arguments to a variety of audiences. In chemistry education, a lot of writing effort is directed at laboratory reports, where students mimic a research article by providing an introduction, procedure, data obtained and an analysis of what that data means. Another common approach to expose students to the process of writing is to have them summarise journal articles or other scientific pieces, where they are asked to present the main findings of an article and the basis for these conclusions. However, many studies show that while these kinds of activities improve basic writing skills such as referencing, they do not improve the ability to explain context or develop an argument. Both of these activities may suffer from confusion in the purpose of the activity. We can distinguish between writing to learn – writing activities where the purpose is to learn more about the science – and learning to write – activities designed to improve students’ ability to write. Activities such as summarising a journal article may be limited in developing students’ ability to write because students are diverting attention to understanding the chemistry involved instead of considering how best to convey the central arguments and ideas of the article. It follows that activities with the purpose of helping students to improve their writing should have as their subject chemistry that students are already familiar with. Assignment design We can continue the effort of focusing students on the writing activity itself by carefully considering the design of the assignment. Writing as a skill takes time to develop, and the progressive development of this skill can be mapped out over a term, a year or even a course. Jeffery Kovac and Donna Sherwood have developed a table that summarises a conceptual hierarchy of forms of writing for chemistry educators (see Table 1). 1 Table 1: Conceptual hierarchy for writing tasks Task Description  Listing Display of important terms  Definition Explanation of word or concept  Seriation Ordered list or description of a procedure  Classification Application of specific categories to a specific idea  Summary Identification of important facts/ideas in an article  Comparison/contrast Listing and some analysis of similarities and differences  Analysis Breaking down a complex idea into its constituent parts  Argument Use of facts and theories to support a proposition This hierarchy provides a useful list of command words in assignments and gives guidance on the kinds of activities we can assign over the course of an instructional period. It might be unfair, for example, to ask students to write a piece arguing how subsequent discoveries led to modification of the postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory if we haven’t first allowed them to develop the ability to summarise. We could envisage, then, a series of writing activities that lead to the development of students’ ability to write a scientific argument (see Table 2). The use of this hierarchy means the requirements of the assignment are clearer to students. Instead of using a generic ‘write an essay on atomic theory’ prompt, the command words associated with the hierarchy make it much easier for students to focus on what the body of text they write should be. This means they are writing with a greater purpose, rather than aiming to fill a page with text associated with a particular topic, hoping they hit on the salient points required by the teacher. The latter is a problem often seen in student laboratory reports. Table 2: Examples of progressive writing activities on the subject of atomic theory Assignment Conceptual hierachy In less than one page, list and explain the postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory  Listing In a one page essay, summarise the main findings of the Rutherford experiment and compare and contrast the atomic structures described by Dalton and Rutherford  Seriation (explaining a procedure)  Summary (identifying important outcomes of experiment)  Compare and contrast (highlighting similarities and differences in the atomic structure as described by both experiments) In a one page essay, explain how the concept of the atom based on Dalton’s theory has been modified due to subsequent discoveries and discuss whether these discoveries have altered the essential content of the theory  Listing (postulates of Dalton’s theory)  Analysis (identifying how subsequent theories modified understanding of the original concept)  Argument (making a case of whether the structure is essentially the same or different) As well as making the assignment expectations clearer to students, the advantage of using such a hierarchy means we can be much more specific and targeted in our feedback. Assessment and feedback can focus on how students addressed the specific requirements of the assignment in terms of the conceptual hierarchy, and hence can be more pointed in providing suggestions for how the student can improve the next piece of work in the series. Some more discussion on feedback is given in  Reducing time spent on feedback . Assignment purpose Having considered the conceptual hierarchy, we can further clarify the assignment to students by giving more information on its purpose. Who is the assignment going to be read by? What is its rhetorical form? What type of writing is it? How long should it be? A significant problem with a lot of writing activity we assign students is that it is seen as a one-off activity, only for the eyes of the teacher. This is endemic in laboratory reports. This results in students completing a body of writing for the purpose of that particular assignment, rather than considering the development of their writing ability. Feedback opportunities are lost, as students see that assignment as ‘done’, and move on to the next one. There is also evidence to suggest that students, in writing for their teachers, will often not explain concepts fully or be vague in certain parts they are unsure about, knowing the teacher has sufficient knowledge to fill in any gaps they leave in the text. Some studies have demonstrated that in writing for peers, students are much more likely to explain concepts more fully, and indeed, consider that assignment to have a greater purpose. This is one of the advantages of peer review as part of the assessment and feedback phase (see Reducing time spent on feedback ). Examples of assignment types Historical paper Annotated bibliography Proposal summary and review Résumé/cover letter Popular article Personal journal Short in-class summary Concept paper In order to provide greater meaning to the piece being written, assignments should clarify who the audience is. Who will be reading the piece? We typically ask students to write for someone who knows more than them (teaching staff) – an audience viewed as experts in the topic. While this has the advantage of setting expectations on the accuracy of the content, it can lead to the problems outlined above. However, setting clear goals and expectations of the assignment by using the conceptual hierarchy means this is still a worthy exercise. A second audience is one that is scientifically literate, but not an expert. These are conceptualised as classmates. A general audience, conceptualised as friends/family members, forms a third type of audience. Writing as a skill takes time to develop, and the progressive development of this skill can be mapped out over a term, a year or even a course Each audience type will trigger a different form of expression in writing, and experience in individual situations will offer insight as to the right balance between writing coherently and explaining the underlying chemistry. The choice in a particular assignment will depend on the purpose of the assignment; whether you wish to develop students’ ability to write about a topic in detail or whether you wish to develop their ability to explain to others. The examples so far have focused on the traditional essay, but of course there are many forms of assignment (see Examples of assignment types ). Indeed we are no longer restricted to students writing or typing an assignment to be viewed only by the teacher. Peter Banks wrote recently on the Education in Chemistry blog on the use of blogs in developing his own students’ writing. 3 Lowell Thomson has used student blogs extensively, inviting members of the chemistry community to give feedback and thoughts on student blogs. 4 The rhetorical form of an assignment is the final thing to consider. Are we asking students to explain a topic, or persuade us of a particular viewpoint, or express their own experiences? The explanatory rhetorical form is predominant in writing activities. In this case, the focus is on the subject, with the student being asked to explain a particular topic based on their knowledge and reading. These can suffer from being demotivating; students may wonder why they are being asked to summarise something that is already well documented. However, they have value, certainly in early stages of learning to write, in becoming familiar with different forms of conceptual hierarchy and in the basics of writing such as paragraph construction. A second rhetorical form is persuasive. In this case, the focus is on the audience, with the student making a case for a particular position. This has the advantage of allowing the student to use their voice to argue for a particular point of view, and even if the content is as well-rehearsed as atomic theory, it adds an impetus in that they are aiming to convince the audience. The third rhetorical form is expressive, sadly almost absent from our curricula. Here the focus is on the writer and their own personal experience, typically seen in learning or reflective journals. Preparing a writing activity – an example Assignment sequence: two of three Instructional objective Content: Atomic theory Conceptual hierarchy: Seriation, summary, compare and contrast Rhetorical form: Explanatory Length: 1 page Opportunity for feedback: Peer feedback loop included Instructions to students In a one page essay, summarise the main findings of the Rutherford experiment and compare and contrast the atomic structures described by Dalton and Rutherford. Your writing will be reviewed in the first instance by a peer who should provide you with feedback by the dates indicated. The final assignment is due by the date indicated. It is possible to construct a series of writing activities that aim to develop students’ writing ability. A form such as the one shown in Preparing a writing activity can be used, so that the instructional objectives are made explicit in the design. Progressive development of skills In order for students’ writing skills to develop, they will need to develop other skills in tandem as their writing ability grows. To be able to address the lower end of the conceptual hierarchy such as listing and seriation, students will need to develop their reading skills; how to use textbooks and other sources of information. Activities such as one page summaries and reporting laboratory procedures can be useful in this regard. As they progress through the hierarchy, they will need to develop their critical thinking, placing value on sources and judging their merit; an especially important feature when dealing with information from the internet. Compare and contrast activities and annotated bibliographies can be useful to develop these skills, which relate to the value of science. At the upper end of the conceptual hierarchy, students will begin to develop skills such as creating a scientific argument and writing as a scientist, as they integrate a growing understanding of the nature of science. If we can enthuse our students to develop this ability to write over the course of their time with us, we will be providing them with an education that will last a lifetime.  Michael Seery is a reader in chemistry education at the University of Edinburgh, UK Reducing time spent on feedback A significant consideration in planning writing assignments is the time available for assessment and feedback. While there is no avoiding the fact this will take time, some useful tips and suggestions have been reported from those who have implemented writing assignment cycles. Limit the length of the assessment. If you wish to develop students’ writing, they shouldn’t need to write much to identify where they can improve. Limit early assignments or those where you introduce a new stage of the conceptual hierarchy to 500 words or one page. What are the key factors you are looking for in the piece of writing? List these out in a table and allocate them a weighting. When you are correcting, give each one a mark and pass that sheet to the student as feedback. This encourages students to reflect on their work using the rubric as a guide. Peer feedback Writing for peers has the advantage of giving the assignment greater purpose. Peer feedback can provide a first stage of feedback on overall comprehension and readability. A structure will need to be in place, such as a rubric, and you may need to ask peer reviewers specific questions and ask them to show evidence from the student’s writing to justify their statements. Some literature shows peers tend not to be critical, but using peer feedback can still add value to the assessment cycle. Laboratory reports Laboratory reports are already a place where student work is read regularly. Rethinking the structure of reports can create a means of developing student writing over time. This was the subject of a recent Education in Chemistry blogpost. 2 Further reading J Kovac and D W Sherwood, Writing across the chemistry curriculum: an instructor’s handbook . Prentice Hall, 2001 J Kovac and D W Sherwood, J. Chem. 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Narrow your topic down your specific study focus. End with a clear research question. Learning to write in chemistry Peter Banks wrote recently on the Education in Chemistry blog on the use of blogs in developing his own students' writing. 3 Lowell Thomson has used student blogs extensively, inviting members of the chemistry community to give feedback and thoughts on student blogs. 4. The rhetorical form of an assignment is the final thing to consider. assignment essay homework paper phd report resume speech thesis