new education policy 2023 essay in english

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Parliament Panel Insights into New Education Policy 2023 | PWOnlyIAS 2023

• This article is based on an Editorial “ What are the findings of the Parliament panel on the New Education Policy? ” which was published in the Hindu. Recently, the Parliament Standing Committee on Education tabled a report on the “Implementation of the New Education Policy 2023 in Higher Education.”

What Is the Progress in Implementing the New Education Policy 2023 in Higher Education?

• Implementation: The report assesses the salient features of the New education policy 2023 implementation in the higher education sector and the progress made so far.
• Out of which 70% are governed under the State Acts , 18% are governed by the Central Government.
• Enrolment: It has further been informed that 94% of students are enrolled in State/private Institutions while 6% are enrolled in Central Institutions.
• GER: It is calculated by dividing the number of students enrolled in higher education out of the total population in the relevant age group of 18-23 years.

What is the Current Implementation Status of the New Education Policy 2023?

• Fruitful Progress : Through various appreciable measures like PM Schools for Rising India (PM SHRI), e-VIDHYA, NIPUN Bharat etc. the implementation of the New education policy 2023 is progressing on course with its vision to transform the higher education system to be more inclusive, flexible, and aligned with global standards.
• Best Practices – Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) : The UT of J&K is one of the first in the country to implement NEP 2020 from the academic session 2022 in all the Higher Education Institutions.
• Focus on Creativity : New education policy 2023 places thrust on developing a student’s ‘Creative Potential’ based on higher-order cognitive capacities and cultivating innovation and creativity in learners through industry-institution linkages and collaborative programs.
• Internationalization of Education : Freedom being given to Indian universities to set up campuses in other countries and initiate start-up incubation centers and from among the top 100 universities in the world will be facilitated to operate in India.
• Implementation of the Multi Entry and Multiple Exit (MEME) options within the framework of the National Education Policy (NEP) is a vital component of New education policy 2023, offering students greater flexibility and choice in their educational pathways.

Also read: Government Schemes 2023

What are the Issues Associated With New Education Policy 2023?

• Accessibility : Limited access to higher education in socio-economically disadvantaged areas due to financial barriers, geographical constraints and stereotype threat faced by students of marginalized sections etc.
• Multiple Entry And Multiple Exit (MEME): According to the report, Indian institutions are likely to face several issues in implementing the MEME system under the new education policy 2023.
• Linguistic Issue: Most of the HEIs primarily use English as a medium of instruction and there is a  lack of HEIs that teach in local languages .
•  According to the Economic Survey 2022-23 , total education outlay added up to 2.9% of the GDP .

Also read: India’s GDP Growth Rate: India GDP Growth Rate, Trends and Analysis

What are the Way forwards for implementing the New Education Policy 2023?

• Fulfillment of Goals : By 2030, every district in the country should have at least one multidisciplinary HEI and that the GER in higher education, including vocational education, should be increased to 50% by 2035.
• Research and Innovation : There is steady progress in the field of higher education and specific impetus is required in new education policy 2023 to be assigned to factors like anusandhan (research ), that can help the country’s ranking in patent filing .
• Effective Funding : Higher Education Financing Agency (HEFA) needs to diversify its funding sources beyond government allocations and explore partnerships with private sector organizations, philanthropic foundations, and international financial institutions.
• Digitisation of Education :  The creation of a National Educational Technology Forum (NETF) can go a long way in expansion of digital infrastructure to make the country a Global Knowledge Hub .
• Inclusive Education : Implementation of certain specific initiatives aimed at enhancing access to education for marginalised communities in accordance with the New Education Policy 2023 through various initiatives like comprehensive awareness campaigns, infrastructure development, teacher training and recruitment, scholarship and financial support, digital inclusivity, etc.
• Implementation of a standardized Credit Accumulation and Transfer (CAT) system allows students to earn and transfer credits seamlessly across institutions.

Parliament panel’s findings on the New Education Policy 2023 highlight both progress and challenges. While there’s commendable progress in implementing the policy with initiatives like PM Schools and internationalization. However the issues such as limited accessibility, linguistic barriers, and funding gaps need urgent attention. To achieve the envisioned transformation of Indian higher education, we need a holistic approach that addresses these concerns and fosters research, innovation, and ensure smooth educational pathways for all students.

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What is the New Education Policy 2023 in India?

The Central Government’s National Education Policy (NEP) established in 2020, and implemented during the 2023-2024 academic year – brought with it several changes. From curriculum updates to grade structure revisions to fundamental changes in the way the Indian educational system works, it is clear that the NEP aims to both disrupt and revolutionize the current system.

What is the New Education Policy?

The New Education Policy (NEP) 2020 has been implemented after the approval of the Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi . The main objective of the new education policy is to bring education in India to the global level so that India can become a superpower. Under the NEP, changes have been made in the education policy from school to college. Under this, along with knowledge, their health and skill development are also included.

What is the objective of the New Education Policy?

The objectives of the NEP are as follows:

• Connect Children with Indian culture
• Making Education Flexible
• Teaching discipline and empowering children
• Making Education Policy Transparent
• Emphasis on Evaluation
• Investing in an Open Education System
• Children’s creative thinking
• To develop quality education
• Pay more attention to Research
• Focusing on multiple languages simultaneously.

Key Features of Ne w Education Policy 2023

It has been decided in the New Education Policy that states can make changes in the NEP as per the need. The key features of the NEP are as follows:

• After the NEP, the Ministry of Human Resource Management will now be known as the Ministry of Education .
• Under the NEP, the 5+3+3+4 pattern will be followed, Where students will spend 5 years strengthening their foundation, 3 years in the preparatory phase, 3 years in the intermediate phase and the remaining 4 years in the secondary phase.
• Under NEP, schools will impart education in the mother tongue or regional language till class 5th.
• There will be 3 years of free school education.
• The Business internship will start from class 6.
• After the NEP comes, students can choose any subject and students can study Accounts or Arts subjects along with Physics.
• This also includes teaching coding to students from class 6 onwards.
• We will make all schools digital equity.
• We will develop virtual labs.
• It takes 3 or 4 years to graduate with the option to opt-out. If students have completed one year of graduation then they will get the certificate and after 2 years they will get the advanced diploma.

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Essay on New Education Policy

India’s New Education Policy (NEP) is a significant and transformative step towards improving the country’s education system. This comprehensive policy aims to bring about positive changes in the way children are educated and prepared for the future. In this essay, we will explore the key aspects of the NEP, its importance, and how it can benefit students and the nation as a whole.

A Need for Change

The NEP was introduced in 2020 to address the shortcomings of the previous education system. India’s education system faced challenges such as rote learning, a lack of practical skills, and limited access to quality education, especially in rural areas. The NEP recognizes these issues and seeks to provide a more holistic and inclusive approach to education.

A Holistic Approach

One of the fundamental principles of the NEP is to provide a holistic education that focuses on overall development. It emphasizes not only academic knowledge but also the development of life skills, critical thinking, creativity, and ethical values. This approach aims to produce well-rounded individuals who are better prepared to face the challenges of the modern world.

Flexible and Multidisciplinary Learning

The NEP promotes flexibility in education by allowing students to choose from a wide range of subjects and pursue their interests. It introduces a multidisciplinary approach, where students can study subjects from different fields, encouraging a broader understanding of knowledge. This flexibility empowers students to explore their passions and talents.

Early Childhood Education

The NEP recognizes the importance of early childhood education. It aims to provide quality early childhood care and education to children, focusing on their cognitive, emotional, and social development. This early foundation is crucial for a child’s future success in school and life.

Digital Learning and Technology

In today’s digital age, technology plays a significant role in education. The NEP acknowledges this and promotes the integration of technology in classrooms. It aims to provide digital resources and tools to enhance learning, making education more engaging and accessible, especially in remote areas.

Vocational Education and Skills

The NEP places a strong emphasis on vocational education and skill development. It aims to equip students with practical skills that are essential for employment and entrepreneurship. This focus on vocational education can reduce unemployment and empower students to become self-reliant.

Inclusivity and Equal Access

Inclusivity is a core principle of the NEP. It seeks to ensure that education is accessible to all, regardless of their background or location. Special provisions are made for children with disabilities to ensure they receive quality education. The NEP also addresses gender disparities in education, promoting equal opportunities for boys and girls.

Teacher Training and Professional Development

Quality education requires well-trained and motivated teachers. The NEP recognizes this and emphasizes the need for teacher training and professional development. It aims to enhance the skills and knowledge of teachers, enabling them to provide better guidance and support to students.

Conclusion of Essay on New Education Policy

In conclusion, India’s New Education Policy is a bold and forward-looking initiative that has the potential to transform the nation’s education system. It focuses on holistic development, flexibility, early childhood education, technology integration, vocational skills, inclusivity, and teacher training. By implementing these reforms, the NEP can pave the way for a brighter future for India, where every child has access to quality education and the opportunity to reach their full potential. As we move forward with the NEP, let us remember that investing in education is an investment in the future of our nation.

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• Education /

Decoding the New Education Policy 2023 in India

• Updated on  
• Mar 21, 2023

New National Education Policy 2023: The New National Education Policy is a watershed moment in India’s educational system. After 34 years of following the same norms, the Ministry of Education (previously known as MHRD) made significant changes to our education policy on July 29, 2020. The Indian government just adopted the New National Education Policy for 2023. Hence, it is only logical that the question “What this New National Education Policy genuinely is?” must be coming to people’s minds. This is where our post comes in to help them find an answer. We will go through all of the major features of the New National Education Policy in this section. Also, we shall discuss the NEP 5+3+3+4 structure in detail. Hence, students who wish to comprehend the government’s education policy should read this article.

This Blog Includes:

Principles of new education policy, benefits of the new education policy 2023, new education policy 2023: major reforms, significance of 5+3+3+4 structure, new education policy 2023: digital inclusions, nep 2023: state-wise implementation, on teachers, on ug and higher education students, for teaching in mother tounge, registration process, objective of new education policy 2023.

The National Education Policy’s primary purpose is to raise the standard of education in India to a global level, allowing the country to emerge as a leader in knowledge-based sectors. This goal is reached by the National Education Policy’s universalization of education.

To that purpose, the government has enacted various revisions to the former education policy as part of the National Education Policy 2023, with the goal of improving education quality and enabling children to have a good education.

• Determine and nurture each child’s potential.
• Increase children’s reading and numeracy knowledge
• Providing flexible learning opportunities.
• Spend money on public education.
• Improve education quality
• Introduce children to Indian culture.
• Do excellent research, teach good governance, and empower children
• Transparency in education policy
• Emphasize the usage of technology and evaluate
• Teach many languages
• Improve your child’s creativity and logical thinking.

Must Read: Importance of Technology in Education

The following are the benefits and features of this policy:

• The former education policy has been replaced with the New National Education Policy, which was implemented by the Ministry of Education.
• The Ministry of Human Resources will now be known as the Ministry of Education.
• The national education policy will now make education universal, with the exception of medical and law studies.
• Formerly, the pattern of 10 plus two was followed, however under the new education policy, the pattern of 5 + 3 + 3 + 4 will be adopted.
• There was once a Science , Commerce , and Arts stream , however this will no longer be the case.
• Students can study accounting alongside physics or arts if they so desire.
• In six standard, computer languages will be taught to students.
• Every schools will be outfitted with digital technology.
• All forms of content will be translated into regional languages, and virtual labs will be built.
• The NEP will cost 6% of GDP to execute.
• If desired, the learner would be able to study Sanskrit and other ancient Indian languages.
• Board exams will be held twice a year to relieve the student of the stress.
• Artificial intelligence software will also be utilised to facilitate learning.
• The M. Phil degree from higher education is being phased out.
• The pupil will be taught three languages determined by the state.
• The National Council of Educational Research and Training will develop the national curricular framework for schooling.
• Several institutions will be established to carry out the National Education Policy.
• Particular emphasis will be placed on the children’s education and talents.

Must Read: Objectives of Educational Technology

The Majo Reforms in Education Policy according to the NEP 2023 are listed below.

• There will be no discernible divide between the arts, sciences, academic, vocational, curricular, and extracurricular disciplines.
• Foundational Reading and Numeracy will be prioritised.
• The 10+2 structure is replaced by a 5+3+3+4 model.
• No state language is imposed on students studying in any state.
• Students are permitted to take the Board Examinations twice.
• Instead of 1.7%, the government will spend 6% of the country’s GDP on education.
• The fund for gender inclusion will be completely established.
• The government would go above and above to ensure that gifted youngsters receive a suitable education.
• The undergraduate courses will last four years.
• A 4-year integrated B.Ed Course will be required to apply for the position of teacher.
• A Common Admission Examination for admission to HEIs will be implemented.
• The Master of Philosophy programme will be phased out of the educational system.
• In Secondary School, pupils will be able to choose from a variety of disciplines such as arts and crafts, vocational courses, and physical education.
• The PARAKH (Performance Assessment, Review, and Analysis of Knowledge for Holistic Development) organisation will define the standards for Board Examinations. The government will make Indian literature and other classical languages part of the educational curriculum.
• Instead of every academic year, students’ exams will be held only in classes 2nd, 5th, and 8th.

The 5+3+3+4 Structure: What Does it Mean?

The replacement of the 10+2 structure with the 5+3+3+4 structure is the most eye-catching alteration in the NEP 2023. For a long period, the 10+2 has been used in our educational system. As a result, a total shift in that structure may be bewildering for the children. We will try to explain the meaning of the 5+3+3+4 structure and how it differs from the old 10+2 structure below.

The administration has divided student education into four segments under the new Pedagogical and Circular Structure. Secondary, Middle, Preparatory, and Foundational are the four sections. These four stages of schooling will be critical components of students’ educational development throughout their school careers. The following is how these four stages of student education will be divided.

• The Foundation Stage is the first step of education for children. Students will be groomed for 5 years in this programme. These five years will include three years of Anganwadi/Pre-Primary/Balvatika, as well as first and second grade.
• The preparing stage will be the second stage. This stage of education will also span three years. The third, fourth, and fifth grades will lay the groundwork for the intermediate and secondary phases.
• The third stage of education will be middle school. This is for students in grades 6th through 8th. These three years will prepare pupils for the ultimate part of their education, secondary school.
• The secondary stage will be the final part of students’ schooling lives; instead of two years, students will have four years from Class 9th to Class 12th to complete their secondary education.

By the 5+3+3+4 structure, the government hopes to place a greater emphasis on pupils’ cognitive growth. The government will flesh out the schooling phases of kids through this system for their advantage. In contrast to the 10+2 framework, the 5+3+3+4 structure will enhance students’ foundations from the foundational to secondary stages. This new framework will also assist students in fully exercising their right to an education. Because the structure caters to children aged 3 to 18 rather than 6 to 14. As a result, the pupils will be helped from the start of their school life.

Aside from that, this structure will be useful in significantly enhancing student retention rates. With the implementation of this framework, more students will remain at their respective institutions throughout their academic careers. In short, this new framework will benefit students in every way imaginable. Furthermore, a higher literacy rate under this system will only benefit our country’s future.

Digital techniques of teaching have recently been a component of schooling due to technological advancements. Let us have a look at the digital techniques that the government will adopt to improve education through NEP 2023.

• The government will create a NETF (National Educational Technology Forum). This conference will aim to improve digital teaching methods in various schools by presenting new and innovative ideas.
• The government will establish a new organisation that will work across the country to offer more resources for digital education.
• There will be technology integration to improve the many operations in the classroom.

Must Read: How is Technology Changing the Face of Education?

Let us take a look at all of the states that have implemented NEP since its inception.

• In 2021, Karnataka became the first state to issue an order pertaining to the implementation of NEP 2022.
• Madhya Pradesh later agreed to establish a New National Education Policy on August 26, 2021.
• Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath has stated that the NEP will be implemented in stages throughout the state.
• The state of Goa plans to introduce the NEP in 2023.
• States including as Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Assam are also working to adopt the New NEP.
• Meghalaya’s chief minister stated that the state will soon be the first to fully implement the New National Education Policy.

Must Read: Higher Education in India

Effect of New Education Policy 2023

Here are the effects of the new education policy 2023 on different concerned categories:

The NEP will have an impact not only on pupils, but also on teachers and educational techniques. According to NEP 2023, a B. Ed degree is required to work as a teacher in a school. The eye-catching aspect of this is that this B.Ed course must be a 4-year integrated course. Because of this strategy, only qualified teachers will be hired for schools, which will undoubtedly aid in shaping pupils’ futures.

The NEP 2023 will also have an impact on students pursuing UG and Higher Education. According to the policy, a UG degree would last four years and will be multi-disciplinary, holistic, and flexible. Furthermore, students will be given many opportunities to withdraw from the degree programme. For example, students will receive a certificate upon completion of a one-year vocational or professional field course. They will receive a diploma after two years and a Bachelor’s degree after three years.

The duration of PG courses shall be limited to one to two years. Moreover, the Master of Philosophy programmes will no longer be available. The most ambitious decision in this programme for college-level education is the phase-out of the college affiliation system over the next 15 years. Furthermore, a new authority will be established to oversee all higher education courses, with the exception of legal and medical courses.

One of the most significant changes in the NEP is that pupils will be able to study in their mother tongue or regional language until the fifth grade. Furthermore, the administration has stated that this ceiling can be raised to the eighth grade. Students will understand what professors are teaching them better if they study in their native tongue. This policy will also help pupils learn more about their native language.

Must Read: Challenges of Digital Transformation in Higher Education

All applicants who want to join the National Education Policy site must follow the method outlined below.

• First, go to the MYNEP2020 Official Website.
• You will be taken to the home page.
• Click the Register link on the homepage.
• The registration form will be displayed to you.
• Input all of the information requested in the form, including your name, date of birth, Aadhar number, mobile number, email address, address, district, city, and PIN code.
• After completing all of your information, select the Register option.
• You can easily register under NEP Portal using this method.

Must Read: Importance of Value Education

The National Education Policy 2023 is a long-overdue and comprehensive reform that intends to make the Indian education system more inclusive, flexible, and learner-centered. The new strategy is intended to address present issues and shortcomings in the education sector and to provide quality education to all students, regardless of socioeconomic background.

The strategy proposes a comprehensive and integrated approach to education that focuses on skill development, multi-disciplinary learning, and encouraging creativity and critical thinking . It also emphasises the use of technology and digital resources to improve learning.

Ans. It proposes, among other things, a new structure for school education in India known as the 5+3+3+4 model. This new framework proposes replacing the old 10+2 structure that has been in place for several decades with a more flexible and holistic approach to education.

Ans. The 5+3+3+4 structure will contain a foundational stage from 3 to 8, three years of pre-primary education from 8 to 11, a preparatory stage from 11 to 14, and a secondary stage from 14 to 18.

Ans. Less exam stress: The new school structure will alleviate the stress of board exams by redirecting students’ attention to practical skills and vocational development. Subject selection flexibility: Pupils now have more possibilities for learning.

In conclusion, readers must observe that this is the biggest policy decision in the Indian education system in a long time. These changes in the educational framework are forward-looking and transformative, made according to the needs of the modern world. This policy will work in synergy with premier Indian Ed-Tech companies like Leverage Edu in bolstering the opportunities for securing globally recognised higher education for Indian students. Students must brace themselves for the changes to come in the future, and stay informed about the relevant developments in the education system.

Team Leverage Edu

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What is the future of 3 years diploma courses in New EDUCATION POLICY Pl confirm in detail

I think they should have to add a course on e- sports , engage the students with e-sports or gaming industry because gaming industry will be the emerging industry in future after coming 5G and cloud computing concept.

very informative and compregensive article. thanks

I think they should add self-defense class in school and must work on job oriented study. Increase practicality in learning rather than rote learning books. And proper guidance should be given in terms of career. Strong foundation of core moral values and preservation of our cultural values.

I hope my opinion will be considered valuable

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A closer look at national education policy 2023 (nep 2023), the comprehensive guide to the national education policy 2023 envisioning the transformation of the indian education system, emphasizing critical thinking, fostering holistic development, and embracing global perspectives..

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, since its release, has led to transformative changes in the Indian education ecosystem. Its far-reaching impact can be seen through a multitude of changes it has initiated, such as the shift towards curriculum-aligned learning, regional languages being the medium of instruction,  integration of technology in education, promotion of vocational and skill-based learning, and bridging the gap between academic and practical knowledge. The NEP 2020 has undoubtedly set the stage for a brighter and more inclusive future for education in the country.

Innovative Shift in National Education Policy 2023 (NEP-2023)

Under the visionary leadership of prime minister shri narendra modi ji and the ministry of human resource development, the new education policy of 2023 ( nep 2023 ) marks a pivotal milestone in the nation’s educational journey. the policy was released on 29 july 2020 after approval by the union cabinet..

In response to the evolving demands of the contemporary era, this policy underscores the importance of comprehensive education focusing on digital literacy, skill development, and holistic learning. 

The main purpose behind redefining NEP policy is:

“To universalize education and make India a global knowledge superpower”

Effects of Redefining NEP 2023

• NEP 2023 promotes skill-based education, fostering critical thinking and problem-solving.
• Inclusivity is a key focus, offering equal opportunities for diverse learners.
• Emphasis on local languages and cultures provides a global perspective.
• Improved teacher training and increased funding for better infrastructure.
• Embracing digital education to prepare students for a tech-driven future.
• NEP 2023 paves the way for holistic and meaningful learning.

A significant change in NEP 2023 from the past involves:

The transition from the conventional 10+2 model to the ever-growing 5+3+3+4 structure. This framework places a strong emphasis on fundamental skills and life competencies at every educational level.

What does 5+3+3+4 Structure mean?

NEP 2023 redefined the educational framework to a 5+3+3+4 structure to enhance and align the traditional learning system with the evolving needs of students.

To create a holistic pedagogical environment, National Education Policy 2023 emphasizes on:

Foundational stage (5 years).

During the first three years of pre-primary education, children will primarily engage in playful and interactive learning activities, while the following two years in classes 1st and 2nd the focus will be on the development of Foundational Literacy and Numeracy ( FLN ) skills.

Preparatory Stage (3 years)

During this three-year phase, the primary emphasis is on students of classes 3rd, 4th, and 5th grades where a multifaceted teaching approach will be integrated as it seamlessly integrates various subjects, providing a well-rounded and holistic learning experience. The focus of preparatory stage centers on fostering a sense of discovery and exploration, aiming to steer away from rote learning of complex concepts. It is important because at this stage when the curriculum gets deep it becomes necessary to encourage a deeper understanding and the practical application of knowledge.

Middle Stage (3 Years)

During this three-year phase, the emphasis is on delving deeper into the subject matter for students in 6th, 7th, and 8th grades. The Middle Stage will focus on helping students explore subjects in greater detail, thereby enabling critical thinking. Furthermore, the Middle Stage is dedicated to introducing project-based learning to help students gain hands-on experience.

Secondary Stage (4 Years)

In the final four years of school, from grades 9 to 12, students get ready for their future. Some for higher education or vocational paths. Therefore, during this stage, when students can choose what they want to study, the focus will be on holistic development. This will help them gain real-world skills and competencies.

Guidelines of NEP 2023

• Holistic Development Focus: NEP 2023 fosters cognitive, emotional, and societal growth for students.
• Early Foundational Learning: Prioritizes Early Childhood Education and Care for strong foundations.
• New Curriculum Structure: Introduces a 5+3+3+4 structure for experiential and skill-based learning.
• Vocational Education Goal: Aim for 50% of learners in vocational education by 2025 is to contribute to the Nation’s human capital.
• Regional Language Learning: Emphasizes regional language learning up to Grade 5, to enable a familiar learning environment.
• Tech-Driven Education: NEP 2023 emphasizes using platforms like DIKSHA to enable access to quality education.
• Adaptive evaluation system: The policy emphasizes rethinking assessments to shift from summative to a more comprehensive evaluation system.
• Teacher Training: Continuous training and professional development of teachers to align with evolving teaching approaches.
• Inclusivity and Equity: NEP 2023 commits to ensuring education for all, regardless of socioeconomic or physical barriers to learning.

It’s truly inspiring to witness the proactive approach of the Government of India in revamping the National Education Policy (NEP). 

In line with NEP 2023, iDream Education is happy to underscore its alignment with the policy’s vision, as it centers on fostering the holistic development of students through its comprehensive, one-stop learning platform, iPrep . This platform places equal emphasis on both academic and non-academic growth.

iPrep’s alignment with 5+3+3+4 Structure

In harmony with the new Curriculum 5+3+3+4 framework, iPrep offers a diverse range of curriculum-aligned multi-category content for students in grades K-12, available in Hindi, English, and seven other regional languages. Beyond academics, iPrep delves into areas such as life skills, value education, vocational content, climate change awareness, activity and project-based learning, and more for the holistic growth of students. Furthermore, iPrep prioritizes experiential and skill-based learning for different grades. It’s meticulously designed to draw content from Open Educational Resources (OER) sources/platforms such as DIKSHA and Khan Academy, thereby ensuring access to quality education.

iPrep PAL, a personalized adaptive learning solution by iDream Education enables an adaptive evaluation system  

iPrep PAL   is a structured app featuring an adaptive evaluation system that shifts the focus from summative assessments to a more comprehensive evaluation approach. This personalized adaptive learning solution tailors individual learning paths for each student, recognizing their unique learning needs and abilities.

What else is in line with the NEP 2023?

We not just focus on developing and delivering our solution but our commitment lies in the successful implementation of the solution, with comprehensive and ongoing teacher training programs, ensuring teachers can effectively digital in their daily classroom sessions. 

Lastly, with a focus on local language medium, a multi-category curriculum alignment, ICT labs, and offline digital learning content, iPrep stands as an inclusive and equitable solution that caters to all learners. With its adaptability to various devices and operating systems, it eliminates socioeconomic and physical barriers to learning.

To Conclude

This revamping of NEP at this juncture has the potential to transform the Indian education system into a more inclusive, flexible, and learner-centric one. iDream Education looks forward to working with System Integrators, Government entities, corporations, foundations, NGOs, and other ecosystem partners to facilitate a holistic and integrated education approach.

Frequently Asked Questions -

1. what is national education policy 2020.

The National Education Policy, 2020 (NEP) aspires to bring about a substantial transformation in education by establishing a system deeply rooted in Indian values. This system aims to play a direct role in the sustainable transformation of India, also known as Bharat, into an equitable and vibrant knowledge society.

2. What does the revision aim to achieve within NEP 2020?

The revision in NEP 2020 to NEP 2023 is to universalize education and make India a global knowledge superpower.

3. What is the new proposed education structure in NEP?

The NEP 2023 brings flexibility to primary and secondary education, shifting from the rigid 10+2 system to a more adaptable 5+3+3+4 structure. The four stages are defined as foundational, preparatory, middle, and secondary stages. This framework places a strong emphasis on fundamental skills and life competencies at every educational level.

4. How can technology support the goals outlined in India's National Education Policy (NEP)?

India's National Education Policy (NEP) emphasizes on integration of technology in schools. Technological integration could be smart devices such as educational tablets, mobile apps, smart ICT Labs, Personalized Adaptive Learning (PAL) solutions, or learning platforms.

Ayushi Agarwal

Ayushi Agarwal is an Assistant Manager - Marketing & Content Writing at iDream Education. With 7+ years of writing, her focus has shifted passionately to education over the past two years. Her dedication lies in researching and crafting content around solutions that address learning gaps, drive sustainable digital learning programs, empower last-mile learners, and ensure educational access for all. This commitment makes her work a valuable asset for social sector leaders seeking to drive change.

[email protected]

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New Education Policy: Advantages & Disadvantages

Recently many changes have been introduced in the academic system of India starting from the school to college level. New National Education Policy has been approved by the Union Cabinet reflecting all the changes. This newly approved plan talks about major transformational reforms in the Indian academic sector which are appreciated by many. Along with appreciation, there is also criticism which focuses on the drawbacks of this new education policy.

Following ARE THE Advantaged and Disadvantaged of New Education Policy 2020

Advantages:

1.    The Government aims to make schooling available to everyone with the help of NEP 2020.

2.    Approximately two crore school students will be able to come back to educational institutes through this new approach.

3.    According to the national education policy 2020, the 5+3+3+4 structure will replace the existing 10+2 structure. This structure is focused on student’s formative years of learning. This 5+3+3+4 structure corresponds to ages from 3 to 8, 8 to 11, 11 to 14 and 14 to 18. 12 years of schooling, 3 years if Anganwadi and pre-schooling are included in this structure.

4.    For children up to the age of 8, a National Curricular and Pedagogical Framework for Early Childhood Care and Education will be designed and developed by NCERT.

5.    According to the national education policy 2020, the Education Ministry is to set up a National Mission on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy. The responsibility for successful implementation for achieving the foundation of numeracy and literacy for all students till class three falls upon the states of India. This implementation is scheduled to be done by 2025.

6.    One of the merits of NEP 2020 is the formation of the National Book promotion Policy in India.

7.    Appropriate authorities will conduct the school examinations for grades 3, 5 and 8. The board exams for grades 10 and 12 will continue but the NEP 2020 aims to re-design the structure with holistic development.

8.    Parakh national education policy is to be set up by the Government.

9.    Special daytime boarding school “Bal Bhavans” to be established in every state/ district in India. This boarding school will be used for participation in activities related to play, career, art.

10. According to the national education policy 2020,  an Academic Bank of Credit will be established. The credits earned by the students can be stored and when the final degree gets completed, those can be counted.

11. According to the national education policy 2020, Multidisciplinary Education and Research Universities at par with the  IITs and IIMs will be set up in the country. These are scheduled to be set up for introducing multidisciplinary academic.

12. The same list of accreditation and regulation rules will be used for guiding both the public and private academic bodies.

13. Phased out college affiliation and autonomy will be granted to colleges.

14. By the year 2030, it will be mandatory to have at least a four year B. Ed degree for joining the occupation of teaching.

15. For making the students prepared for future pandemic situations, online academic will be promoted on a larger scale.

Drawbacks :

1.    In the National Education Policy 2020, language is a negative factor as there is a problematic teacher to student ratio in India, thus introducing mother languages for each subject in academic institutes is a problem. Sometimes, finding a competent teacher becomes a problem and now another challenge comes with the introduction of the NEP 2020, which is bringing study material in mother languages.

2.    According to the national education policy 2020, students willing to complete their graduation have to study for four years while one can easily complete his/ her diploma degree in two years. This might encourage the pupil to leave the course midway.

3.    According to the national education policy 2020, students of the private schools will be introduced to English at a much earlier age than the students of the Government schools. The academic syllabus will be taught in the respective regional languages of the Government school students. This is one of the major new education policy drawbacks as this will increase the number of students uncomfortable in communicating in English thus widening the gap between sections of the societies.

Implementation:

The new education policy in 2020 came after 30 years and is all set to change the existing academic system of India with the purpose of making it at par with the international standard of academic. The Government of India aims to set up the NEP by the year 2040. Till the targeted year, the key point of the plan is to be implemented one by one. The proposed reform by NEP 2020 will come into effect by the collaboration of the Central and the State Government. Subject wise committees will be set up the GOI with both central and state-level ministries for discussing the implementation strategy.

Conclusion: With the introduction of NEP 2020, many changes have been made and one of those is the discontinuation of the M. Phil course. Even though there are many drawbacks to the new education policy, the merits are more in number. It is believed by many that by implementing these changes, the Indian academic system will be taken a step higher.

excellent information. i want to know the highlights of nep and i got through this article. thank you so much.

the reader like me hopes for a genuine conclusion in these blogs...just a neutral information makes the mediocre readers like us in bay....!!!

what about govt school, it will closedown after nep implementation education is expensive how will poor students gets educated

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National education policy: what does nep truly mean for students in india.

From syllabus updates to grade structure modifications, emphasised by fundamental changes in the way the Indian Educational System works, it’s evident that the NEP aims to both disrupt and revolutionise the current system. ​​Therefore, as we stand on the precipice of a new chapter in Indian Education- as parents and educational professionals, what can we come to expect in the following year?

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New Education Policy 2023-2024: Everything You Need To Know

29 April, 2024

Table of Contents

The “New National Education Policy (NEP)”, which was approved by the Union Cabinet, is expected to bring a flurry of reforms, ranging from school curriculum reductions to the abolition of MPhil programs.

The NEP aspires to develop an education system that directly contributes to the country’s transformation by delivering high-quality education to all citizens and developing India into a global knowledge superpower.

New System of Education 2024

The new education policy was adopted by the Modi government. The 10 + 2 structure has been fully eliminated in the new education policy. Our country’s educational curriculum has been based on 10 + 2, but it will soon be based on 5+ 3+ 3+ 4. This means that one-half is from primary to second grade, the second portion is from third to fifth grade, the third part is from sixth to eighth grade, and the last part is from ninth to 12th grade.

We’ll provide you with a quick overview of the New Education Policy 2021-2023, including the Scheme Benefits and key Features.

What is the New Education Policy 2024 (NEP)?

The Indian government’s New Education Policy is referred to as NEP. It was last modified in 1992 after being drafted in 1986. The Modi-led BJP government vowed in its election manifesto to create a new education policy, or NEP, to bring about changes in the education sector.

In July 2020, the Union Cabinet of India approved the New National Education Policy (NEP) with the aim to bring modern reforms in the Indian education system from the school to the college level. This policy stands on the ideology to make India a ‘global knowledge superpower.’ In addition to this, it was with the introduction of NEP in 2020 that the Ministry of Human Resource Development was renamed to the Ministry of Education.

The new National Education Policy is based on the pillars of  Access, Equity, Quality, Affordability, and Accountability . It aims to make both school and college education more holistic, multidisciplinary, and flexible, which aligns with the 2020 agenda for sustainable development.

Related:  Top 10 Under-Graduation Courses For Academic Excellence

Related:  Top 10 Post-Graduation Courses For Career Boost!

The Need for a New National Education Policy (NEP)

Up until the introduction of the New National Education Policy in 2020, there were many pitfalls in the Indian education system. Memorisation was prioritised more over the understanding of concepts. In addition to this, the presence of multiple boards was a big issue. Each board had different learning methods for different skills, and then every student had to take the same standardised board exam.

Furthermore, in the past years, more emphasis was laid on learning or mastering traditional subjects and less on developing vocational skills. In the new education policy, all the pitfalls and limitations of the Indian education system are taken care of. Moreover, the policy intends to bridge the gap between vocational and formal education.

Transformation of Indian Education System Post-Independence

1948 – The 1st commission, University Education Commission, was set up

1952 – The Secondary Education Commission was established

1964-1966 – The Indian Education Commission was introduced

1968 – 1st National Education Policy came up

1986 – A new policy was formulated

1992 – The previous education policy was modified

2005 – The 1986 education policy was again modified

2020 – The new National Education Policy (NEP) was passed by the cabinet

2023-2024 – The New Education Policy was implemented in this academic year

What Led to the Creation of NEP?

A panel of specialists, led by former ISRO chief  K Kasturirangan , discussed the difficulties and adjustments needed in the Indian education system, which included everything from school to college to recruitment. These proposals were gathered, and the Ministry then approved them.

Salient Features of New Education Policy 2024

1. schooling from the age of 3 years now.

The New Education Policy extends compulsory schooling from the age bracket of 6-14 years to 3-18 years. The NEP includes three years of previously unrecognised pre-schooling for children aged 3-6 years in the school curriculum. The new system will include 12 years of formal education and three years of Anganwadi/pre-school education.

The 10+2 school curriculum framework will be replaced with a 5+3+3+4 curricular structure corresponding to ages 3-8, 8-11, 11-14, and 14-18 years, respectively, with an emphasis on  Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE).

2. Mother tongue can be the medium of instruction

The NEP emphasises pupils’ native language as the medium of teaching while adhering to the “three-language formula” and ensuring that no language is imposed on anyone. The NEP simply suggests using the mother tongue as a medium of instruction rather than making it mandatory.

According to the policy paper, children learn and grasp non-trivial topics faster in their native language.

The home language, mother tongue, local language, or regional language will be used as the medium of instruction until at least Grade 5, but preferably until Grade 8 and beyond. Following that, wherever practicable, the home or local language will be taught as a language. “Both public and private schools will follow this,” the regulation adds.

3. NO UGC, AICTE, NCTE

The Higher Education Commission of India (HECI) will be established as a single umbrella body for all higher education in India, excluding medical and legal education. Regulation, accreditation, and academic standards will all be governed by the same set of rules for public and private higher education institutions.

In 15 years, the government will phase down college affiliation, and a stage-by-stage procedure for providing colleges with graded autonomy will be formed.

4. Science, Arts, and Commerce gets blurred

There would be no formal distinctions between arts and sciences, curricular and extra-curricular activities, or vocational and academic programs under NEP 2020. Students can choose from a variety of disciplines throughout the streams. Internships will be included in vocational education, which will begin in sixth grade.

5. FYUP Programme Returns & No More Dropouts

Under the NEP, undergraduate degrees will last three or four years, with several exit alternatives available during that time. After one year of study in a topic or field, including vocational and professional fields, colleges will be required to award a certificate, a diploma following two years of study, or a Bachelor’s degree after a three-year program.

The government will also create an Academic Bank of Credit to store academic credits earned at various HEIs digitally so that they can be transferred and counted toward a final degree.

Finally, based on the foregoing points, we can conclude that this policy implements much-needed adjustments. There was no uniform system in place, which has now been eliminated. It has more transparency and a single national agency in charge of overseeing the whole education system in the country.

6. Common Access at all School-level Education

NEP 2020 focuses on bringing universal access to school education to ensure the holistic development of students right from the beginning. According to this policy, students’ progress and their learning capacity will be tracked timely. Students will be given access to different learning modes, like formal and informal teaching methods. In addition to this, the policy states that vocational education courses are to be included in the curriculum from pre-school to 12th standard. The policy is not just limited to knowledge or skills; it also emphasises the inclusion of trained counsellors and social workers in the schooling system.

7. Foundational Literacy and Numeracy (FLN) to start from grade 3

FLN is a broad concept that refers to a child’s capability to read basic texts and solve basic numerical problems such as addition and subtraction. It is considered an urgent and vital prerequisite to learning. Keeping this in mind, the NEP has directed the states to prepare a plan on how to implement and achieve this in the curriculum for all primary school students by 2025.

8. Project-based Learning in the School Curriculum

The policy states that the school curriculum and pedagogy should aim for the holistic development of students by designing the coursework that would equip them with 21st-century skills. Students will have to study a reduced course content, which will emphasise experiential learning and critical thinking and give students the choice of subjects they wish to study. Moreover, vocational education will be made available in class 6th-8th, along with internship opportunities.

9. Efforts to Increase the Graduate Enrollment Ratio

In the past years, very few students opted for higher education. So in view of this concern, the policy aims to incorporate a maximum number of students in higher education, including vocational education. The graduate enrolment ratio is expected to increase up to 50% by 2035 from 26.3% in 2018.  Also, with the multiple exit options in higher education, it is expected that the student dropout rate will reduce.

10. Bringing Online and Distance Education at Par with Regular Courses

The government has already taken initiatives to bring the standards of distance learning programmes at par with regular courses. Measures like online courses, digital repositories, funding for improved student services and research, and credit-based recognition of MOOCs, among others are to be taken.

11. Technological Innovation in Education as the Base of NEP

National Educational Technology Forum (NETF), an autonomous body, will be started to offer a free exchange of ideas related to the usage of technology in enhancing the academic experience. This integration of technology is expected to improve the classroom processes, contribute to teacher professional development, and streamline the management of education planning.

12. Internationalisation of Education

An important aspect of the NEP 2020 is that it promotes the internationalisation of education by encouraging institutions to forge global collaborations with universities and research institutes. This will not be limited to students, faculty exchange programmes will also be encouraged. Meanwhile, the policy aims to allow top world universities to open their campuses in India.

13. Increase in Public Investment in Education

In line with the objective of the New Education Policy, the Centre and State governments will be working in collaboration to increase investment in education. The collaboration of both houses is expected to reach 6% of GDP in regard to the education sector as soon as possible in order to improve the educational infrastructure.

Confused About the 5+3+3+4 Structure of NEP?

It is the refurbished structure of the educational framework which was introduced in the New Education Policy 2024. It categorises learning into four stages, explained below:

• Foundational Stage: It consists of the initial years of a child’s education i.e. till 5 years. The first three years of primary education are based on interactive learning through activities and playful games. This is followed by grades 1 and 2 where the child will gain basic literacy and numbers.
• Preparatory Stage: It spans for three years from class 3rd to 5th. A multi-faceted approach is to be adopted for a comprehensive learning experience at this stage. The curriculum emphasises on understanding and the application of concepts instead of rote memorisation.
• Middle Stage: The stage between classes 6th to 8th is the middle stage and it takes your child deeper into the subject matter. It is the first time that students are introduced to project-based learning and they learn about the subjects in detail.
• Secondary Stage: It is the final segment of school education which includes grade 9 to 12, also known as higher secondary education. Students get the chance to choose the subjects of their choice and prepare them for future career paths. The child will learn real-world skills and competencies.

Abiding Principles of New Education Policy 2024

The primary goal of the New Education Policy is to assess the standard of education and upgrade its mark each year to match the global level. The objective is to make India a leader in a knowledge-based industry through the universalisation of education. Underlined are the principles of NEP:

Determine each child’s potential and focus on it

Enhance foundation literacy and numeracy knowledge among children at an early stage

Promote and offer flexible learning methods

Invest in public education

Upgrade the quality of education at all levels

Bring children closer to Indian culture

Invest in research

Popularise the use of technology and emphasis on digital literacy

Teach different Indian/foreign languages

Focus on developing the child’s creativity and logical thinking

Make education policy more transparent

Implementation Phase of the New Education Policy in 2023?

Since its introduction in 2020, many Indian educational institutions have adopted the pattern of the new National Education Policy. After three years of adoption, many academicians from top Indian institutions, including IITs, NITs, and IISERs, have reviewed the implementation of the policy. They have shared the roadmap of the changes and upgrades they have made in the academic system.

As reported by the  Deccan Chronicle , the Director of IIT Hyderabad, Prof. B.S. Murthy shared that the students were given a semester break with 6 credits to pursue innovative ventures. Their institution intended to promote entrepreneurship by encouraging students to pursue BUILD (Bold & Unique Ideas Leading Development) projects. On the other hand, the Vice Chancellor of the University of Hyderabad, Prof. B. Jagdeeshwar Rao, said that NEP measures have enabled students to pursue two programmes simultaneously.

Among these is  Panjab University which implemented the New Educational Policy 2023 in a phased manner in the years 2023 – 2024. The suggestions in regulations and syllabi for the previous session were already approved and the university will continue to adopt the new measures.

The adoption of an open curriculum with transdisciplinary course patterns, including flexibility in electives, has led to the enhancement of skill development and community-oriented projects. This is what Prof. Satyanarayana, IIT – Tirupati, said in a press conference. According to him, this will play a crucial role in nation-building. Prof. Rajesh Viswanathan of the reputed Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati informed that their institution had made provisions for multiple-exit options in the BS-MS programme. This will add a holistic multidisciplinary approach to the education system, which earlier was rigid.

Challenges of NEP 2024

The framework designed by NEP will bring a revolutionary change in the entire higher education ecosystem of India, but it has a few limitations, as studied by a few researchers. These are:

As the policy aims to double the gross enrollment ratio by 2035, this requires the creation of a new university every week for the next 15 years, which is a huge challenge.

To deliver the upgraded curriculum effectively, India needs a sizable pool of competent teachers who are familiar with the new pedagogical approach.

Adequate funding and resources are required for proper implementation.

As teachers generally share a disciplinary anchoring culture, it is difficult to have educators with exceptional skills who are experts in one area and lean in other subjects as well.

NEPs multiple entry and exit options may face challenges in India because of the large student population. It could lead to a high annual intake in higher education. It can become difficult for universities to predict how many students would join and exit.

Bottom Line

At this point, India’s education system is at a critical juncture, with the path not completely clear. The Indian education system must meet the needs of the progressive society with a population of over 1.4 billion. In the past years, India has surely made several changes in its academic structure; some challenges are yet to pass.

The new National Educational Policy offers a comprehensive strategy to enhance the quality of education and bridge the gap in socioeconomic disparities in Indian society. Its success calls for a robust collaboration between private and government entities. Therefore, if properly executed, NEP 2020 has the potential to shape India’s education system.

Q1 When will the new education policy be implemented?

The New Education Policy (NEP) came into existence in 2020 and was implemented in the 2023-2024 academic year. It included syllabus updates and restructuring of the grade system. It focuses on covering the pitfalls of the Indian educational system, removing the concept of rote learning. Moreover, it addressed the issue of multiple boards which existed in the old system.

Q2. Is the 10th board removed as per the new education policy?

As per the New Education Policy 2024 from the 2025-26 session, the students can appear for their 10th and 12th  board exams twice in a year.  This is done to reduce the academic pressure among students. Furthermore, students will get 10 bagless days in school every year.

Q3. How will the NEP address issues of access and equity in education?

The new education policy 2024 focuses on various key areas, among them are access to education and promoting equity in education. For this, it has prioritised the use of technology and promotion of skill-based learning. This will expand the scope of education to remote areas with online education and increase access to education. Meanwhile, there are steps to be taken to improve the quality of online and distance education so that no student has to give up his/her academics.

Q4. How will the NEP impact higher education in India?

The various features outlined by NEP intend to double the GER percentage in higher education till 2035 which will position India as a global education hub. The new education policy will bring flexibility to the curriculum through an interdisciplinary approach, multiple exit options, and encouraging internationalisation.

Q5. What is the role of teachers in the implementation of the NEP?

Right from the early stage of school education, teachers play an important in the effective implementation of

NEP. At the school level, teachers have to create a fun and activity-based learning environment which slowly will take the shape of project-based learning. Regular faculty training and evaluation will also be done. Teachers have to contribute to curriculum development and policy-making as per NEP 2024.

Q6. What long-term impact is expected from the NEP on the overall quality of education in India?

The New Education Policy’s long-term goal is to make India a global hub for education and skilled manpower in the next 25 years of ‘Amrit Kaal’. It provides valuable insights and changes to the drawbacks in the existing education system of India. This will enhance the quality of education and bring the education at par with the world.

Q7. How will NEP affect online and distance education?

In the new education policy of 2023, there is a huge focus on online and distance education to remove all the barriers and increase student participation in higher education. The following key initiatives are taken for online education as per NEP:

Pilot studies in online education

Strengthening of digital infrastructure

Boost in online learning platforms and tools

Blended mode of learning to be included

Proper training and incentives for teachers

Creation and regular upgradation of virtual labs

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• National Education Policy 2023 – The Ultimate Guide »

National Education Policy 2023 – The Ultimate Guide

Since its release in 2020, the National Education Policy or NEP, has been a beacon for transformative initiatives in the Indian education system. Implementing the NEP 2020 has set Indian education on a progressive path wherein we can hope to build an education ecosystem aligned to international standards. Among the most noteworthy changes brought about by NEP are curriculum-aligned learning, instruction in regional languages, integration of technology in education, and promotion of vocational and skill-based learning in India.

As we strive to build a forward-looking and more inclusive education system, the national education policy continues to get updated and refined with each passing year. This year, we also saw the roll-out of the new education policy for 2023.

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What is the New Education Policy 2023?

The New National Education Policy 2023 is designed with a vision of holistic education, empowered by adopting modern training methods and education technology and including practical and contemporary skills in the education system. It also includes enabling Indian students to hone their creative, analytical, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills while actively pursuing digital literacy.

What are the Objectives of New Education Policy 2023 – Goal of NEP

The primary purpose of NEP 2023 is to raise the education standard in Indian schools and colleges and align it with the global level of education. It aims to improve the learning experience in our schools to enable India to emerge as a leader in knowledge-based sectors. The new education policy 2023 seeks to enhance the quality of education and make it equivalent to international standards.

NEP Educational Stages

The NEP 2023 has restructured the schooling system into a 5+3+3+4 model instead of the conventional 10+2 model. Here is what that means –

• Foundational Stage (5 Years) – The foundational stage starts from the first year of education, including 3 years of pre-primary or Anganwadi schooling, followed by classes 1 and 2. This stage is devoted to building a strong foundation and essential skills. Children between the ages of 3 and 8 fall into this category.
• Preparatory Stage (3 Years) – Students in classes 3 to 5 will be given learning opportunities for fundamental concepts such as speaking, reading, writing, physical education, art, science, languages, and mathematics. Students between the ages of 8 to 10 years are included in this stage.
• Middle Stage (3 Years) – From 11 to 13 years, students in the Indian education system will learn more abstract concepts in mathematics, sciences, social sciences, arts, and humanities. Classes 6 to 8 are in this category of the education system.
• Secondary Stage (2 Years) – The secondary stage of the NEP 2023 includes children aged 13 to 18. This stage is classified into two parts: classes 9 and 10. Classes 11 and 12 are in the second part. The four years of this stage are devoted to multi-disciplinary learning driven by depth and critical thinking. There are various subject options available to students in the secondary stage.

New Education Policy 2023: Major Reforms

• Foundational Literacy and Numeracy – The new education policy aims to achieve foundational literacy and numeracy among students by 2025. It will ensure a strong base among all students for higher stages of education.
• Revamped Education Structure – To reduce the stress of assessments among young students, examinations will only be held in classes 2, 5 and 8. It is expected to reduce the burden and frequency of assessments to improve student morale. Board exams for standards 10th and 12th will be held bi-annually in objective-descriptive formats.
• Interdisciplinary Curriculum – Schools will be encouraged to follow an interdisciplinary curriculum and multilingual education to nurture diverse skills and knowledge among their students.
• Coding and Experimental Learning – Experimental learning encourages children to be curious and learn new concepts by doing rather than reading. Adopting experimental learning approaches in the Indian education system is expected to enhance practical understanding. Children will also be introduced to basic coding concepts from the 6th standard.
• Health Focus – The new education policy also urges schools to focus on students’ well-being from a young age. The midday meal scheme will be extended to include breakfast. Schools will also welcome counsellors and social workers to work with their students to promote physical and mental wellbeing.
• Holistic Development Focus – The NEP 2023 aims to establish an education system emphasising students’ holistic development. Multiple dimensions of learning positively influence the student’s overall growth and cognitive, emotional, and societal development.
• Early Foundational Learning – Prioritising early childhood education ensures students get the proper learning opportunities to develop strong foundations for further education.
• New Curriculum Structure – One of the most significant reforms of the NEP 2023 is the 5+3+3+4 structure for primary and secondary education. It promotes experiential learning, emphasising practical knowledge, skill-based learning, and holistic development during school years.
• Tech-Driven Education – The NEP 2023 is focused on using technology to create new and innovative learning experiences. Platforms like DIKSHA will be implemented at all levels to improve access to quality education.
• Adaptive Evaluation System – The policy specifies rethinking assessments to make them stress-free and adaptive rather than summative. It will allow students to get a comprehensive evaluation that tests knowledge and not the ability to recall.
• Teacher Training – Continuous training and development of teachers to promote professional development and enable them to improve their delivery and classroom management skills. It will help align teachers to evolving education practices.
• Inclusivity & Equity – NEP 2023 aims to create an education system that offers equal learning opportunities to all students irrespective of their socioeconomic background, physical barriers or learning ability.

Teacher Policy Revisions Under NEP 2023

Under the recent national education policy reforms, teachers must fulfil a more engaging role and have specific qualifications before any school hires them. By 2030, it will be mandatory for all teachers to have a four-year bachelor of education degree (B Ed.) to qualify as a teacher. The policy has also revised the recruitment process to create a more transparent and equitable teacher hiring experience.

The 5+3+3+4 Structure: What Does it Mean?

• Holistic Cognitive Growth – The new structure aims to improve the comprehensive cognitive development among Indian students. The learners will be encouraged to experiment, explore, and learn through play from a young age.
• Optimised Schooling Phases – The framework enriches a student’s learning journey from kindergarten to the secondary levels. It was not possible to optimise the school phases in the previous 10+2 framework.
• Right to Education – The 5+3+3+4 structure of schooling is expected to aid and improve the implementation of the right to education. The previous structure only included children between 6 and 14, but the new structure included children ages 3 to 18. It ensures continuous and equitable access to education and upholds the right to education.
• Enhanced Student Foundations – The new structure emphasises the significance of foundational learning. It offers students the chance to actively build a strong foundation of the concepts they must apply in the higher stages of learning.
• Improved Student Retention – Implementing the 5+3+3+4 structure is expected to improve student retention rates. Institutions are being urged to foster longer academic careers to aid this objective.
• Versatile Benefits – The new education policy of 2020 and the reforms of 2023 aim to create an education system that offers more than knowledge to its learners. Rather, an education ecosystem that touches every aspect of a student’s personality, including academic, social, emotional, and physical development.
• Positive Impact on Literacy – India has been striving to improve literacy and build a better-educated population. The new education structure can help us achieve this by positively impacting literacy rates.
• Forward-Looking Approach – Creating a new foundational education structure reflects a progressive education administration mindset. It can help India align its education system with the evolving needs of society and the demands of the 21st century.
• Comprehensive Preparation – The new education structure prepares students for the future by covering a wider age range. Better cognitive development equips them to face the challenges of higher education, career pursuits, and life.
• National Development – The 5+3+3+4 structure can improve our education system to create skilled and well-rounded citizens of our country. Such individuals can do more for the development of our nation and contribute meaningfully to our economy. In the long run, this shift in our education system can lead to better prosperity and growth for India.

How Extramarks Support Schools to Adhere to the NEP 2023?

The new National Education Policy 2023 is designed with a vision of a progressive, flexible, and inclusive education system. The mission is to establish an education ecosystem wherein students gain useful skills to build better lives for themselves and those around them.

The world of education is evolving, and learning needs have changed. The NEP 2023 is an effort to bring our education system to par with the developed world while maintaining academic rigour and holistic growth.

Last Updated on May 13, 2024

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7 Key themes of National Education Policy (NEP) 2023

Table of contents

Focus on achievement of learning outcomes, assessments aligned with measurement and bridging learning gaps, emphasis on mathematical and computational thinking, emphasis on oral and written communication skills, introduction of coding skills, knowledge of india-core values & ethics.

• 360 degree Holistic development of India
• Emphasis on experiential learning with in a subject

Exploration of relationships among different subjects

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2023, implemented in India, aims to transform the education system and bring about several changes in student learning outcomes.

• Holistic Development: Focuses on developing cognitive, social, emotional, and physical abilities while promoting critical thinking, creativity, problem-solving, and effective communication. 
• Foundational Literacy and Numeracy: Ensure every child’s basic proficiency in reading, writing, and mathematics by Grade 3.
• Competency-based Education: Shift from rote learning to competency-based education, such as critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and digital literacy .
• Redesigned Curriculum and Pedagogy: Multidisciplinary curriculum that emphasizes integrating vocational education, arts, and sports t o provide a well-rounded education. High-quality pedagogy is then necessary to successfully impart the curricular material to students.
• Assessment Reforms: Continuous formative assessments focus on identifying strengths and weaknesses rather than relying solely on high-stakes examinations.
• Teacher Training and Professional Development: Enhancing the quality of education by equipping teachers with the necessary knowledge, skills, and pedagogical approaches. 
• Use of Technology: Adoption of digital platforms and online resources to enhance the teaching and learning process.
• Inclusive Education: Promotes equal opportunities, support, and inclusivity for all students.

The National Education Policy  (NEP) 2023 encourages a shift in assessment practices to ensure a comprehensive evaluation and bridge students’ learning gaps to meet 21st-century skills.

The assessments aligned with these principles of national education policy 2023 are:

• Formative Assessments : Shift tests rote memorization skills to one that is more regular, formative, and competency-based.
• Continuous Assessments: Include q uizzes, projects, presentations, class participation, and other methods that gauge students ‘ understanding rather than relying solely on high-stakes examinations. 
• Competency-based Assessments: Assessments that focus on critical thinking, problem-solving, creativity, collaboration, and digital literacy.
• Portfolio Assessments: Include projects, essays, artwork, and other artifacts that demonstrate students’ progress and learning outcomes.
• Self and Peer Assessments: Self-assessments foster reflection on learning, while peer assessments encourage evaluation of peers’ work, promoting collaboration.
• Diagnostic Assessments: Identify learning gap s and enable targeted instruction to address specific student needs.
• School-based assessment: The Progress card, redesigned under NCERT and SCERTs guidance, offers a comprehensive assessment of learners’ progress and qualities.

Mathematical and computational thinking is vital for India’s future and leadership in emerging fields like AI, Machine Learning , and data science .

National Education Policy 2023 emphasizes mathematics and computational thinking at all educational levels using innovative approaches like puzzles and games to make learning enjoyable and engaging.

In today’s rapidly changing world, students have the flexibility to choose their curricula and subjects.   New education policy 2023  strongly emphasizes developing oral, written, and digital communication skills, enabling effective expression of ideas and collaboration among students.

NEP 2023 introduces coding skills as an essential component of the curriculum. Including coding skills in National Education Policy 2023 aligns with the global emphasis on digital literacy and equips students with valuable skills for future career prospects.

• Equip students with the knowledge and understanding of coding languages in the middle stage.
• Enhance their problem-solving, logical reasoning, and creativity.
• Develop computational thinking abilities, foster innovatio n, and explore the potential of emerging technologies like AI, Machine learning, Design thinking, Holistic Health, etc.
• NEP 2023 emphasizes “ Knowledge of India ” includes ancient contributions, modern successes and challenges, and future aspirations in education, health, and environment.
• This knowledge will be accurately and scientifically integrated into the school curriculum, incorporating Indian Knowledge Systems, including tribal knowledge and traditional ways of learning, across various subjects. 
• Specific courses on tribal practices, forest management, traditional agriculture, a nd more will be offered. 
• Ethics and values will be taught, emphasizing moral decision-making, integrity, tolerance, equality, and empathy. 
• The curriculum will incorporate Indian literature, constitutional values, and essential health education. 
• The redesigned curriculum will be deeply rooted in the Indian and local context, making learning relatable, relevant, and engaging for students.
• NEP 2023 recommends video documentaries on inspirational luminaries of India , ancient and modern, in science and beyond.

360-degree Holistic development of India

NEP 2023 emphasizes the 360-degree holistic development of India, aiming to nurture individuals in all dimensions of their well-being.

• National Education Policy 2023 integrates sports, arts, and culture into the curriculum to foster well-rounded education and students’ physical, creative, and cultural development.
• Introduces contemporary subjects like AI, Design Thinking, Holistic Health, Environmental Education, and Global Citizenship Education to impart key skills at all levels to students.
• NEP 2023 prioritizes enhancing oral and written communication skills to foster effective expression, interaction, and meaningful conversations for students’ growth and success.
• Redesigning Board exams will encourage holistic development, offer subject flexibility, prioritize student choice, best-of-two attempts, and core-focused assessments.

Emphasis on experiential learning within a subject

The emphasis on experiential learning within a subject in the context of NEP 2023 highlights:

• Adopting experiential learning in all stages prioritizes hands-on learning, art-integrated approach, sports-integrated education, and story-telling-based pedagogy within a subject.
• The shift of classroom transactions towards competency-based learning and education.
• Deepens understanding, foster critical thinking, problem-solving, and practical application through authentic and relevant learning experiences.
• It connects theory and real-life contexts, fostering active participation, creativity, and ownership in student learning.
• Art-integrated education will be embedded in classroom transactions to strengthen the linkages between education and culture.
• Integration sports in education in pedagogical practices to help in developing skills such as collaboration, self-initiative, self-direction, self-discipline, teamwork, responsibility, citizenship, etc.

NEP 2023 mentions that exploring relationships among different subjects promotes a well-rounded education that goes beyond siloed learning and encourages a more interconnected and integrated approach to knowledge acquisition.

• National Education Policy 2023 promotes interdisciplinary learning and a holistic understanding of knowledge through subject relationships.
• Introducing subject teachers to learning and discussing the more abstract concept s in each subject prepares students to acquire knowledge.
• Students develop a comprehensive perspective and enhance their critical thinking skills by connecting concepts across disciplines.
• This approach fosters creativity, problem-solving, and multidisciplinary application of knowledge, preparing students for real-world challenges.

How does SETU align with National Education Policy 2023 implementation?

SETU is an AI-assisted platform already in sync with National Education Policy 2023 to nurture students effectively and i mprove student learning outcomes.

• Focuses on formative and continuous assessments to measure learning outcomes.
• Promoting interdisciplinary learning and the exploration of relationships among subjects.
• Incorporate cultural aspects, Indian knowledge systems , and values into its offerings.
• Supports teachers to enhance their skills and knowledge in line with the pedagogical shifts proposed in National Education Policy 2023.
• SETU’s unique pedagogical approaches ensure practical and authentic learning, fostering holistic student development.
• The practice and preparation tests help in achieving basic and solid learning outcomes.
• Subject-specific knowledge can be gained through a ctivity-based learning, assessments, and course materials.
• Conduct formative assessments that target learning outcomes and competencies. 
• Support students through remedial and doubt-solving sessions.

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Essay on New Education Policy 2020

500+ words essay on new education policy 2020.

Education is a fundamental need and right of everyone now. In order to achieve our goals and help develop a just society, we need education. Similarly, education plays a great role in the national development of a nation. As we are facing a major change in terms of knowledge globally, the Government of India approved the National Education Policy 2020. This essay on new education policy 2020 will help you learn how this new policy has replaced the National Education Policy 1986 that is 34 years old.

Aim of the New Education Policy 2020

This new policy has the aim of universalizing education from pre-school to secondary level. It plans to do that with a 100% GRE (Gross Enrollment Ratio) in schooling. The plan is to achieve it by 2030.

This essay on new education policy 2020 will highlight the changes brought in by this new policy. Firstly, the policy proposes to open Indian higher education in foreign universities.

It aims to introduce a four-year multidisciplinary undergraduate program with various exit options. Thus, this new policy will strive to make the country of India a global knowledge superpower.

Similarly, it also aims to make all universities and colleges multi-disciplinary by the year 2040. Finally, the policy aims to grow employment in India and also bring fundamental changes to the present educational system.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Advantages and Disadvantages of New Education Policy 2020

The policy gives an advantage to students of classes 10 and 12 by making the board exams easier. In other words, it plans to test the core competencies instead of mere memorization of facts.

It will allow all the students to take the exam twice. Further, it proposes that an independent authority will be responsible for regulating both public and private schools . Similarly, the policy aims to diminish any severe separation between the educational streams and vocational streams in the schools.

There will also be no rigid division between extra-curriculum. Vocational education will begin at class sixth with an internship. Now, the essay on new education policy 2020 will tell you about the disadvantages of the policy.

Firstly, it can make the education system expensive. Meaning to say, admission to foreign universities will probably result in this. Further, it will create a lack of human resources.

If we look at the present elementary education, we notice that there is a lack of skilled teachers. Thus, keeping this in mind, the National Education Policy 2020 can give rise to practical problems in implementing the system that is for elementary education.

Finally, there is also the drawback of the exodus of teachers. In other words, admission to foreign universities will ultimately result in our skilled teachers migrating to those universities.

To conclude the essay on New Education Policy 2020, we can say that this policy is an essential initiative to help in the all-around development of our society and country as a whole. However, the implementation of this policy will greatly determine its success. Nonetheless, with a youth dominant population, India can truly achieve a better state with the proper implementation of this education policy.

FAQ of Essay on New Education Policy 2020

Question 1: What does the New Education Policy 2020 aim to achieve by 2030?

Answer 1: This new policy has the aim of universalizing education from pre-school to secondary level. It plans to do that with a 100% GRE (Gross Enrollment Ratio) in schooling. The plan is to achieve it by 2030.

Question 2: Give two challenges the New Education Policy 2020 may face?

Answer 2: Firstly, it can make the education system expensive. Meaning to say, admission to foreign universities will probably result in this. Further, it will create a lack of human resources.

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Home » Social Justice » Issues related to Education Sector » New Education Policy

New Education Policy

The Union Cabinet chaired by the Prime Minister recently approved the new National Education Policy 2020, making way for large scale, transformational reforms in both school and higher education sectors. This is the first education policy of the 21st century and replaces the 34-year-old National Policy on Education (NPE), 1986.

Built on the foundational pillars of Access, Equity, Quality, Affordability and Accountability , this policy is aligned to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and aims to transform India into a vibrant knowledge society and global knowledge superpower by making both school and college education more holistic, flexible, multidisciplinary, suited to 21st century needs and aimed at bringing out the unique capabilities of each student .

Transforming School Education:

• NEP 2020 emphasizes on ensuring universal access to school education at all levels- pre-school to secondary.
• About 2 crores out of school children will be brought back into main stream under NEP 2020.
• With emphasis on Early Childhood Care and Education, the 10+2 structure of school curricula is to be replaced by a 5+3+3+4 curricular structure corresponding to ages 3-8, 8-11, 11-14, and 14-18 years respectively.
• This will bring the hitherto uncovered age group of 3-6 years under school curriculum, which has been recognized globally as the crucial stage for development of mental faculties of a child.
• The new system will have 12 years of schooling with three years of Anganwadi/ pre schooling.
• Recognizing Foundational Literacy and Numeracy as an urgent and necessary prerequisite to learning, NEP 2020 calls for setting up of a National Mission on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy by MHRD.
• The school curricula and pedagogy will aim for holistic development of learners by equipping them with the key 21st century skills, reduction in curricular content to enhance essential learning and critical thinking and greater focus on experiential learning.
• Students will have increased flexibility and choice of subjects.
• There will be no rigid separations between arts and sciences, between curricular and extra-curricular activities, between vocational and academic streams.
• Vocational education will start in schools from the 6th grade, and will include internships.
• The policy has emphasized mother tongue/local language/regional language as the medium of instruction at least till Grade 5, but preferably till Grade 8 and beyond.
• Sanskrit to be offered at all levels of school and higher education as an option for students, including in the three-language formula.
• Other classical languages and literatures of India also to be available as options.
• No language will be imposed on any student.
• NEP 2020 aims to ensure that no child loses any opportunity to learn and excel because of the circumstances of birth or background.
• Special emphasis will be given on Socially and Economically Disadvantaged Groups(SEDGs) which include gender, socio-cultural, and geographical identities and disabilities.
• Teachers will be recruited through robust, transparent processes.
• Promotions will be merit-based, with a mechanism for multi-source periodic performance appraisals and available progression paths to become educational administrators or teacher educators.
• A common National Professional Standards for Teachers (NPST) will be developed by the National Council for Teacher Education by 2022, in consultation with NCERT, SCERTs, teachers and expert organizations from across levels and regions.
• Schools can be organized into complexes or clusters which will be the basic unit of governance and ensure availability of all resources including infrastructure, academic libraries and a strong professional teacher community.
• NEP 2020 envisages clear, separate systems for policy making, regulation, operations and academic matters.
• States/UTs will set up independent State School Standards Authority (SSSA).
• Transparent public self-disclosure of all the basic regulatory information, as laid down by the SSSA, will be used extensively for public oversight and accountability.
• The SCERT will develop a School Quality Assessment and Accreditation Framework (SQAAF) through consultations with all stakeholders.

Transforming Higher Education:

• NEP 2020 aims to increase the Gross Enrolment Ratio in higher education including vocational education from 26.3% (2018) to 50% by 2035. 3.5 Crore new seats will be added to Higher education institutions.
• The policy envisages broad based, multi-disciplinary, holistic Under Graduate education with flexible curricula, creative combinations of subjects, integration of vocational education and multiple entry and exit points with appropriate certification.
• UG education can be of 3 or 4 years with multiple exit options and appropriate certification within this period.
• For example, Certificate after 1 year, Advanced Diploma after 2 years, Bachelor’s Degree after 3 years and Bachelor’s with Research after 4 years.
• Higher Education Commission of India(HECI) will be set up as a single overarching umbrella body the for entire higher education, excluding medical and legal education.
• HECI to have four independent verticals – National Higher Education Regulatory Council (NHERC) for regulation, General Education Council (GEC) for standard setting, Higher Education Grants Council (HEGC) for funding, and National Accreditation Council (NAC) for accreditation.
• HECI will function through faceless intervention through technology, & will have powers to penalise HEIs not conforming to norms and standards.
• Public and private higher education institutions will be governed by the same set of norms for regulation, accreditation and academic standards.
• Higher education institutions will be transformed into large, well resourced, vibrant multidisciplinary institutions providing high quality teaching, research, and community engagement.
• The definition of university will allow a spectrum of institutions that range from Research-intensive Universities to Teaching-intensive Universities and Autonomous degree-granting Colleges.

Other Provisions for transformation of educational sector:

• NEP makes recommendations for motivating, energizing, and building capacity of faculty through clearly defined, independent, transparent recruitment, freedom to design curricula/pedagogy, incentivising excellence, movement into institutional leadership.
• Faculty not delivering on basic norms will be held accountable
• A new and comprehensive National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education, NCFTE 2021, will be formulated by the NCTE in consultation with NCERT.
• By 2030, the minimum degree qualification for teaching will be a 4-year integrated B.Ed. degree.
• Stringent action will be taken against substandard stand-alone Teacher Education Institutions (TEIs).
• A National Mission for Mentoring will be established, with a large pool of outstanding senior/retired faculty – including those with the ability to teach in Indian languages – who would be willing to provide short and long-term mentoring/professional support to university/college teachers.
• Efforts will be made to incentivize the merit of students belonging to SC, ST, OBC, and other SEDGs.
• The National Scholarship Portal will be expanded to support, foster, and track the progress of students receiving scholarships.
• Private HEIs will be encouraged to offer larger numbers of free ships and scholarships to their students.
• All professional education will be an integral part of the higher education system.
• Stand-alone technical universities, health science universities, legal and agricultural universities etc will aim to become multi-disciplinary institutions.
• Policy aims to achieve 100% youth and adult literacy.
• The Centre and the States will work together to increase the public investment in Education sector to reach 6% of GDP at the earliest.
• This will be expanded to play a significant role in increasing GER.
• Measures such as online courses and digital repositories, funding for research, improved student services, credit-based recognition of MOOCs, etc., will be taken to ensure it is at par with the highest quality in-class programmes.
• Recognising Importance of Formative years: In adopting a 5+3+3+4 model for school education starting at age 3, the policy recognises the primacy of the formative years from ages 3 to 8 in shaping the child’s future.
• Departure from Silos Mentality: Another key aspect of school education in the new policy is the breaking of the strict division of arts, commerce and science streams in high school. This can lay the foundation for a multi-disciplinary approach in high education.
• The Confluence of Education and Skills: Another laudable aspect of the scheme is the introduction of vocational courses with an internship. This may nudge the vulnerable sections of society to send their children to school. Also, it would help in realisation of the goal of Skill India Mission.
• Making Education More Inclusive: The NEP proposes the extension of the Right to Education (RTE) to all children up to the age of 18. Further, the policy seeks to leverage the huge potential of online pedagogy and learning methodologies for increasing gross enrolment in higher education.
• Light But Tight Oversight: According to the policy, in spite of periodic inspection, transparency, maintaining quality standards and a favourable public perception will become a 24X7 pursuit for the institutions, leading to all-round improvement in their standard. The policy also seeks to establish a super-regulator for education which will be responsible for standards-setting, funding, accreditation and regulation of higher education India.
• Allowing Foreign Universities: The document states universities from among the top 100 in the world will be able to set up campuses in India. This will lead to an infusion of international perspective and innovation, which will make the Indian education system more efficient and competitive.
• Ending Hindi vs. English Debate: Most crucially, NEP, once and for all, buries the strident Hindi versus English language debate; instead, it emphasises on making mother tongue, local language or the regional language the medium of instruction at least till Grade 5, which is considered the best medium of teaching.

The new policy has tried to please all, and the layers are clearly visible in the document. It says all the right things and tries to cover all bases, often slipping off keel.

• Lack of integration: In both the thinking, and in the document, there are lags, such as the integration of technology and pedagogy. There are big gaps such as lifelong learning, which should have been a key element of upgrading to emerging sciences.
• Language barrier: There is much in the document ripe for debate – such as language. The NEP seeks to enable home language learning up to class five, in order to improve learning outcomes. Sure, early comprehension of concepts is better in the home language and is critical for future progress. If the foundations are not sound, learning suffers, even with the best of teaching and infrastructure. But it is also true that a core goal of education is social and economic mobility, and the language of mobility in India is English.
• Multilingualism debate: Home language succeeds in places where the ecosystem extends all the way through higher education and into employment. Without such an ecosystem in place, this may not be good enough. The NEP speaks of multilingualism and that must be emphasised. Most classes in India are de facto bilingual. Some states are blissfully considering this policy as a futile attempt to impose Hindi.
• Lack of funds: According to Economic Survey 2019-2020, the public spending (by the Centre and the State) on education was 3.1% of the GDP. A shift in the cost structure of education is inevitable. While funding at 6% of GDP remains doubtful, it is possible that parts of the transformation are achievable at a lower cost for greater scale.
• A move in haste: The country is grappled with months of COVID-induced lockdowns. The policy had to have parliamentary discussions; it should have undergone a decent parliamentary debate and deliberations considering diverse opinions.
• Overambitious: All aforesaid policy moves require enormous resources. An ambitious target of public spending at 6% of GDP has been set. This is certainly a tall order, given the current tax-to-GDP ratio and competing claims on the national exchequer of healthcare, national security and other key sectors. The exchequer itself is choked meeting the current expenditure.
• Pedagogical limitations: The document talks about flexibility, choice, experimentation. In higher education, the document recognizes that there is a diversity of pedagogical needs. If it is a mandated option within single institutions, this will be a disaster, since structuring a curriculum for a classroom that has both one-year diploma students and four-year degree students’ takes away from the identity of the institution.
• Institutional limitations: A healthy education system will comprise of a diversity of institutions, not a forced multi-disciplinarily one. Students should have a choice for different kinds of institutions. The policy risks creating a new kind of institutional isomorphism mandated from the Centre.
• Issues with examinations: Exams are neurotic experiences because of competition; the consequences of a slight slip in performance are huge in terms of opportunities. So the answer to the exam conundrum lies in the structure of opportunity. India is far from that condition. This will require a less unequal society both in terms of access to quality institutions, and income differentials consequent upon access to those institutions.
• There is a persistent mismatch between the knowledge & skills imparted and the jobs available. This has been one of the main challenges that have affected the Indian education system since Independence.
• NEP 2020 failed to check this, as it is silent on education related to emerging technological fields like artificial intelligence, cyberspace, nanotech, etc.
• An ambitious target of public spending at 6% of GDP has been set. Mobilising financial resources will be a big challenge, given the low tax-to-GDP ratio and competing claims on the national exchequer of healthcare, national security and other key sectors.
• The policy has also been criticised due to the legal complexities surrounding the applicability of two operative policies namely The Right to Education Act, 2009 and the New Education Policy, 2020. Certain provisions such as the age of starting schooling will need to be deliberated upon, in order to resolve any conundrum between the statute and the recently introduced policy in the longer run.
• it is pertinent to note that past attempts at parliamentary legislations under the erstwhile regulatory set up have not been successful. The failure can be attributed to the role of regulators and the intended legislative changes being out of alignment, as in the case of Foreign Educational Institutions (Regulation of Entry and Operations) Bill, 2010, which lapsed; and the proposed Higher Education Commission of India (Repeal of University Grants Commission Act) Act, 2018 which remained did not reach the Parliament.
• While the Universities Grants Commission and the All India Council for Technical Education have played a major role, questions pertaining to the role of the UGC and AICTE remain unanswered under the new policy.
• Doubling the Gross Enrolment Ratio in higher education by 2035 which is one of the stated goals of the policy will mean that we must open one new university every week, for the next 15 years.
• In higher education, the National Education Policy 2020’s focus on inter-disciplinary learning is a very welcome step. Universities, especially in India, have for decades been very silo-ed and departmentalized.
• This ambitious policy has a cost to be paid and the rest of the things dwells on its implementation in letter and spirit.
• Public investment is considered extremely critical for achieving the high-quality and equitable public education system as envisaged by the policy, that is truly needed for India’s future economic, social, cultural, intellectual and technological progress and growth.
• Implementation of the spirit and intent of the Policy is the most critical matter.
• It is important to implement the policy initiatives in a phased manner, as each policy point has several steps, each of which requires the previous step to be implemented successfully.
• Prioritization will be important in ensuring optimal sequencing of policy points, and that the most critical and urgent actions are taken up first, thereby enabling a strong base.
• Next, comprehensiveness in implementation will be key; as this Policy is interconnected and holistic, only a full-fledged implementation, and not a piecemeal one, will ensure that the desired objectives are achieved.
• Since education is a concurrent subject, it will need careful planning, joint monitoring, and collaborative implementation between the Centre and States.
• Timely infusion of requisite resources – human, infrastructural, and financial – at the Central and State levels will be crucial for the satisfactory execution of the Policy.
• Finally, careful analysis and review of the linkages between multiple parallel implementation steps will be necessary in order to ensure effective dovetailing of all initiatives.
• Need for Cooperative Federalism : Since education is a concurrent subject (both the Centre and the state governments can make laws on it), the reforms proposed can only be implemented collaboratively by the Centre and the states. Thus, the Centre has the giant task of building a consensus on the many ambitious plans.
• Strive Towards Universalisation of Education:There is a need for the creation of ‘inclusion funds’ to help socially and educationally disadvantaged children pursue education. Also, there is a need to set up a regulatory process that can check profiteering from education in the form of unaccounted donations.
• Bridging Digital Divide: If technology is a force-multiplier, with unequal access it can also expand the gap between the haves and have-nots. Thus, the state needs to address the striking disparities in access to digital tools for universalization of education.
• Inter-ministerial Coordination:There is an emphasis on vocational training, but to make it effective, there has to be close coordination between the education, skills and labour ministry.
• The New Education Policy 2020 aims to facilitate an inclusive, participatory and holistic approach, which takes into consideration field experiences, empirical research, stakeholder feedback, as well as lessons learned from best practices.
• It is a progressive shift towards a more scientific approach to education.
• The prescribed structure will help to cater the ability of the child – stages of cognitive development as well as social and physical awareness.
• If implemented in its true vision, the new structure can bring India at par with the leading countries of the world.
• The education policy should maintain a symbiotic relationship between the different regions of the country through the study of different languages.
• The quality of education provided in the country shall be such that it not only delivers basic literacy and numeracy but also creates an analytical environment in the country.

The New Education Policy-2020 represents aspirations to become a knowledge powerhouse of the world inculcating the best of the global educational experiments. The global education development agenda reflected in the Goal 4 (SDG4) of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by India in 2015 – seeks to “ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all” by 2030. The Education policy is a step in the right direction given it is implemented throughout the long period it targets.

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National Education Policy (NEP 2020)

The Union Cabinet approved the National Education Policy (NEP) in July 2020. This policy will usher in sweeping changes to the education policy of the country, including a renaming of the Ministry of Human Resource Development as the Education Ministry.  This article on education in India is aligned with the UPSC Syllabus and is relevant for prelims and mains examination.

National Education Policy 2020 UPSC Notes Download PDF Here

Education and topics related to education in India are relevant for the IAS Exam and are often seen in the news and hence are important for the UPSC Mains. Aspirants can find notes for UPSC Mains General Studies topics from the links given at the end of the article.

Candidates must read about NIPUN Bharat Programme that has been launched as a part of New Education Policy 2020, in June 2021.

The Union Cabinet has approved the new National Education Policy 2020 with an aim to introduce several changes in the Indian education system – from the school to the college level.

• Its aims at making “India a global knowledge superpower”.
• The Cabinet has also approved the renaming of the Ministry of Human Resource Development to the Ministry of Education.
• The New Education Policy cleared by the Cabinet is only the third major revamp of the framework of education in India since independence.
• The two earlier education policies were brought in 1968 and 1986.

Aspirants should read about New Education Policy along with other education-related topics to holistically cover this article. Such similar articles are linked below:

In this article, you will get the following facts about the new National Education Policy 2020 for the UPSC exam:

What is the new National Education Policy 2020?

National Education Policy of India – Background:

The Ministry of Human Resource Development formed a Committee chaired by Dr K. Kasturirangan for preparing the National Education Policy. The Committee was constituted in June 2017.  The Committee submitted its report on May 31, 2019.

The National  Policy on Education covers elementary and university education in urban as well as rural India. 

• The very first policy for education was promulgated in 1968 with the second one following in 1986. 
• The first NPE was based on the recommendations of the Education Commission (1964-66). This policy sought to have a ‘radical restructuring’ of India’s educational system and equalizing opportunities for education for all, to accomplish national integration and better economic and cultural development. 
• The NPE also called for realizing compulsory education for every child until the age of fourteen, as mentioned in the Indian Constitution. 
• It also aimed at providing enhanced training and improving teachers’ qualifications.

Compare NEP 2020 with NEP 1991 in the linked article.

Some relevant points from the official NEP 2020 PDF that can be useful for the UPSC Mains Exam:

• NEP 2020 is the 21st Century’s first education policy in India.
• The development of the creative potential of each student is emphasized in the National Education Policy 2020.
• The NEP 2020 mentioned the ancient scholars like Charaka and Susruta, Aryabhata, Bhaskaracharya, Chanakya, Madhava, Patanjali, Panini and Thiruvalluvar.
• Flexibility
• No hard separations between subjects, curricular and extra-curricular activities
• Multi-disciplinary education
• Conceptual understanding
• Critical thinking
• Ethical Values
• Teachers as the heart of the learning process
• The strong public education system

Also, read State of School Education in India . 

Features of National Education Policy 2020

The National Education Policy as submitted by the Kasturirangan Committee submitted an education policy that seeks to address the following challenges facing the existing education system:

• Affordability
• Accountability 
• The policy provides for reforms at all levels of education from school to higher education. 
• NEP aims to increase the focus on strengthening teacher training, reforming the existing exam system, early childhood care and restructuring the regulatory framework of education. 
• Increasing public investment in education,
• Setting up NEC (National Education Commission),
• Increasing focus on vocational and adult education,
• Strengthening the use of technology, etc.

Compare the features of the New Education Policy with National Agricultural Education Policy .

Key Recommendations of National Education Policy 2020

The National Education Policy 2020 has recommendations and reforms with respect to the following items:

You can read the complete set of recommendations of the NEP 2020 in CNA dated July 30, 2020 .

The above-mentioned recommendations are explained below.

Early Childhood Care and Education

The NEP recommended that early childhood care & education be developed in a two-part curriculum consisting of: 

• Guidelines for Parents & Teachers of students up to 3 years of age
• An educational framework for students between the ages of 3-8 years

The NEP talks about the implementation of these recommendations by expanding and improving the quality of the Anganwadi system and co-locating them with primary schools. 

Right to Education Act, 2009

The NEP recommended extending the range of the  Right to Education Act ,2009 to include the following education levels:

• Early Childhood &
• Secondary School

This will allow coverage of RTE to all children between the ages of 3-18 years. In addition, it suggested the elimination of detention of children until class eight. 

Curriculum Framework

Reforms in the framework of the current curriculum of school education are based on the development needs of the students. The NEP recommends the 5-3-3-4 pattern explained in the table below:

School Exam Reforms

Reforms in the school exam recommended by the NEP include tracking the progress of the students throughout their school experience. 

• It includes State Census Exams in class 3, 5 and 8. 
• Another important recommendation was the restructuring of the 10th board exam that would mainly focus and test only the skills, core concepts and higher-order thinking & capacities. 

Regulatory Structure and Accreditation of Higher Educational Institutions

In terms of Accreditation and Regulatory structure, the NEP recommended the following changes:

• Setting up NHERA (National Higher Education Regulatory Authority),
• Separating NAAC from UGC into an autonomous and independent body.

Read more on the UGC in the linked article.

National Research Foundation

In order to improve the quality of research in India, the NEP recommended:

• It would be an autonomous body that would administer the mentoring, funding and capacity building for quality research in India.

Education Governance

The NEP recommended establishing an apex body for education headed by the Prime Minister under the name Rashtriya Shiksha Aayog or National Education Commission .

• It also suggested changing the name of the Ministry of Human Resources & Development to the Ministry of Education.

Financing Education

Doubling the public investment for education was one of the important recommendations of the NEP 2020.

• NEP 2020 insisted on the expenditure of 6% of the GDP on education.
• Doubling the current 10% of total public expenditure to 20% in the next decade was recommended. 

National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology

The NEP suggested setting up an autonomous body that would facilitate decision making on the deployment, induction and use of technology. NEP said that this would be achieved by implementing the following measures:

• The recommended autonomous body would be administered under this mission. 
• It will also include virtual laboratories in various disciplines providing remote access. 

Vocational Courses 

Recommendations of NEP 2020 with respect to Vocational courses can be listed as follows:

• Students in classes 9 to 12 must receive vocational education on at least one vocation,
• Schools should build expert curriculum delivery methods that are aligned with National Skills Qualifications Framework (NSQF) competency levels,
• Higher Education Institutes must also provide vocational courses that are integrated into undergraduate education programmes.

Three Language Formula

The Policy recommended that the three-language formula be continued and flexibility in the implementation of the formula should be provided. The three-language formula states that state governments should adopt and implement the study of a modern Indian language, preferably one of the southern languages, apart from Hindi and English in the Hindi-speaking states, and of Hindi along with the regional language and English in the non-Hindi speaking states. 

National Education Policy 2020 Concerns

Some of the concerns expressed about the NEP 2020 are as follow:

• The report fails to address and incorporate ideas based on contemporary global thinking like the emphasis on creativity and critical thinking and the need for learning in a non-competitive and non-hierarchical ecosystem and discovering one’s true passion without any sense of fear.
• Delivering the changes proposed related to Anganwadis may be difficult despite the focus given to early childhood care and schooling.
• The propositions of volunteer teachers, peer tutoring, rationalisation of the system of schools and sharing of resources do not seem like long-term solutions.
• Lack of clarity in government strategies regarding the Public Sector like municipal schools, state-run institutions, Kendra Vidyalaya, etc. 
• The creation of a National Testing Agency (NTA) has generated scepticism. The NTA, though envisaged to serve as a premier, expert, autonomous testing organisation to conduct entrance examinations for admissions and fellowships in higher educational institutions may, in reality, lead to loss of autonomy among the universities and departments over admissions.

For a critical analysis of the National Education Policy 2020, check CNA dated July 31, 2020 editorials .

Merits of New Education Policy 2020

• Comprehensive : NEP seeks to address the entire gamut of education from preschool to doctoral studies, and from professional degrees to vocational training.
• Early Childhood Education : In adopting a 5+3+3+4 model for school education starting at age 3, the New education Policy recognizes the primacy of the formative years from ages 3 to 8 in shaping the child’s future
• Easy on Regulations:  NEP 2020 makes a bold prescription to free our schools, colleges and universities from periodic “inspections” and place them on the path of self-assessment and voluntary declaration
• Holistic : The policy, inter alia, aims to eliminate problems of pedagogy, structural inequities, access asymmetries and rampant commercialization.
• Promote Inclusion:  The Policy proposes the creation of ‘inclusion funds’ to help socially and educationally disadvantaged children pursue education

To complement the GS 1 preparation, candidates can check the following links:

UPSC Questions related to National Education Policy 2020

Who is the chairman of the national education policy 2020.

K. Kasturirangan is the chairman of the National Education Policy 2020.

When was the National Policy on Education formulated?

There were National Education Policies in 1968, 1986, 1992 and the latest in 2020. The gist of New Education Policy discussion on RSTV-Big Picture episode can be checked at the linked article.

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